<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.3/JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JLP</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Law And Politics</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">JLP</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="print">2671-342X</issn>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2671-3438</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Balkan University Press</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">176</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITY IN FORCE MAJEURE SITUATIONS THE CASE OF EARTHQUAKES</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Pişkin</surname>
            <given-names>Ali Suat</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-04-10">
        <day>10</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>5</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>50</fpage>
      <lpage>63</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/">
          <license-p>CC BY-NC-ND 4.0</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://jlp.ibupress.com/articles/administrative-responsibility-in-force-majeure-situations-the-case-of-earthquakes" />
      <self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="https://jlp.ibupress.com/file/303/66.pdf" />
      <abstract>
        <p>Globally and throughout history, earthquakes have represented significant natural hazards that result in loss of life and property. After such disasters, administrative entities bear key responsibilities for protecting and preserving public welfare. Despite the absence of culpability on the part of the administration, their basic obligation remains to act in the best interest of the population, especially in unpredictable circumstances. This paper clarifies the concept of administrative responsibility and delineates measures to deal with events classified as force majeure . Furthermore, it delves into the administrative liability arising from contingencies, shedding light on the complex legal and practical dimensions of these phenomena. Through a comprehensive analysis, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of administrative duties in the wake of natural disasters, offering insights into effective governance and disaster management strategies.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
        <kwd>Responsibility</kwd>
        <kwd>Force Majeure</kwd>
        <kwd>Administration</kwd>
        <kwd>Earthquake</kwd>
        <kwd>Public</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <title>References</title>
      <ref id="r1">
        <mixed-citation>Afet Bölgelerin Yapılacak Yapılar Hakkında Yönetmelik. (2024, 04 15). Retrieved from T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Mevzuat Bilgi Sistemi: https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=11445&amp;MevzuatTur=7&amp;MevzuatTertip=5</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r2">
        <mixed-citation>Atay, E. E. (2012). İdare Hukuku, 3. Baskı. Ankara: Turhan Kitabevi.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r3">
        <mixed-citation>Bucaktepe, A. (2012-2013). Depremden Dolayı İdarenin Sorumluluğu. Dicle Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol. 17-18 No. 26-27-28 , pp. 93-122.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r4">
        <mixed-citation>Černih, D., &amp; Čejkovska, V. (2015). Seismic Monitoring and Data Processing in Seismological Observatory in Skopje—Republic of Macedonia—Basis for a Complex Geophysical Monitori. In D. Černih, &amp; V. Čejkovska, Nonlinear Mathematical Physics and Natural Hazards. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/978-3-319-14328-6_10</pub-id></mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r5">
        <mixed-citation>Code of Administrative Procedure, Official Gazette of North Macedonia, No. 124. (2015, July 23). Retrieved from https://aa.mk/content/zakon_za_opstata_upravna_postapka.pdf</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r6">
        <mixed-citation>Davidkovski, V., &amp; Pavlovska-Daneva, A. (2020). Administrative Law, Second Book (Procedure Law). Skopje: National and University Library "St. Kliment Ohridski", Skopje.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r7">
        <mixed-citation>Davitkovski, B., &amp; Pavlovska-Daneva, A. (2018). Administrative Law. Skopje: National and University Library "St. Kliment Ohridski", Skopje.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r8">
        <mixed-citation>Denkova, J., Ananiev, J., &amp; Stojanovski, S. (2019, November 28). The responsibility of the administration and basic principles of administrative procedure. Sixth International Scientific Conference, Social Changes in the Global World , pp. 323-336.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r9">
        <mixed-citation>Dimitrovski, R., &amp; Kekenovski, J. (2007). Public Administration. Skopje: Grafos Kumanovo.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r10">
        <mixed-citation>Drogreshka, K., Najdovska, J., &amp; Chernih-Anastasovska, D. (2019). Seismic Zones and Seismicity of the Territory of the Republic of North Macedonia. Knowledge International Journal Vol. 30.2 . <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35120/kij3103669d</pub-id></mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r11">
        <mixed-citation>Dumurdzanov, N., Serafimovski, T., &amp; Clark Burchfiel, B. (2005). Cenozoic Tectonics of Macedonia and Its Relations to the South Balkan Extensional Regime. Geosphere Vol. 1 No. 1 , pp. 1-22. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1130/ges00006.1</pub-id></mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r12">
        <mixed-citation>Düren, A. (1979). İdare Hukuku Dersleri. Ankara: Sevinç Matbaası.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r13">
        <mixed-citation>Eren, F. (2014). Borçlar Hukuku Genel Hükümler. Ankara: Yetkin Yayınları.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r14">
        <mixed-citation>Gözübüyük, A. P. (1957). Mücbir Sebepler ve Beklenmeyen Haller. Ankara: S Yayını.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r15">
        <mixed-citation>Grozdanić, G., Cvetković, V. M., Lukić, T., &amp; Ivanov, A. (2024, March 19). Comparative Analysis and Prediction of Sustainable Development in Earthquake Preparedness: A Cross-Cultural Perspective on Montenegro,North Macedonia, and Serbia. https://www.preprints.org/ , pp. 1-35. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20944/preprints202403.1136.v1</pub-id></mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r16">
        <mixed-citation>Günday, M. (2013). İdare Hukuku. Ankara: İmaj Yayınları.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r17">
        <mixed-citation>Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute. (2024, 03 24). Kandilli Rasathanesi ve Deprem Araştırma Enstitüsü . Retrieved from Kandilli Rasathanesi ve Deprem Araştırma Enstitüsü Web Site: http://www.koeri.boun.edu.tr/sismo/bilgi/depremnedir/index.htm</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r18">
        <mixed-citation>Kaplan, G. (2009). İdari Yargıda Dava Açma Süreleri, Güncelleştirilmiş. Ankara: Turhan Kitapevi.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r19">
        <mixed-citation>Kocevski, G., &amp; Georgievska, E. (2019). Анализа на Законот за бесплатна правна помош од 2019 година. Скопје: Еuropean Union.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r20">
        <mixed-citation>Law on Free Legal Aid, 08-2895/1. (2019, May 16). Retrieved from https://www.pravda.gov.mk/upload/Documents/Zakon%20za%20besplatna%20pravna%20pomos.pdf</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r21">
        <mixed-citation>Lazo, P. (2006). Airport Conditions in Macedonia: Seismic Risks. In Geomagnetics for Aeronautical Safety: A Case Study in and around the Balkans , pp. 271-279.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r22">
        <mixed-citation>Makedonski.gov.mk . (2024). Retrieved from https://makedonski.gov.mk/: https://makedonski.gov.mk/corpus/s?q=%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%98%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r23">
        <mixed-citation>Onar, S. S. (1966). İdare Hukukunun Umumi Esasları, Cilt III. İstanbul: Akgün Matbaası.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r24">
        <mixed-citation>Pekevski, L. (2006). Airport Conditions in Macedonia: Seismic Risks. Geomagnetics for Aeronautical Safety: A Case Study in and around the Balkans , pp. 271-279. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/978-1-4020-5025-1_21</pub-id></mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r25">
        <mixed-citation>Public Servants Law, Official Gazette of North Macedonia no. 27/14, 199/14, 48/15, 154/15, 5/16, 142/16, 11/18, 275/2019, 14/20,215/21 and 99/22. (2019). Retrieved from https://www.aa.mk/content/pdf/Drugi%20dokumenti/ZAS/zakoni/zakon_za_administrativni_sluzhbenici_2020.pdf</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r26">
        <mixed-citation>Timovska, L. (1992). A Note on Attenuation of Eartquake Intensity in Macedonia. Soil Dynamics and Eartquake Engineering Vol. 11 , pp. 457-463.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r27">
        <mixed-citation>Turkish Language Association . (2024, 03 21). Retrieved from Türk Dil Kurum Website: https://sozluk.gov.tr/Turkish Ministry of the Interior Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency. (2024, 03 21). T.C. Başbakanlık Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı Deprem Dairesi Başkanlığı . Retrieved from T.C. Başbakanlık Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı Deprem Dairesi Başkanlığı Websitesi: https://www.afad.gov.tr/kurumlar/afad.gov.tr/39500/xfiles/deprem_nedir.pdf</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
</article>