<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<article>
  <title>Artificial Intelligence &amp; The Violation of Right to Privacy Under Article 17 of the ICCPR</title>
  <slug>artificial-intelligence-the-violation-of-right-to-privacy-under-article-17-of-the-iccpr</slug>
  <parent>
    <title>Volume 7, Issue 2</title>
  </parent>
  <post_type>
    <title>Research Article</title>
  </post_type>
  <year>2026</year>
  <volume>7</volume>
  <content><![CDATA[Artificial Intelligence (AI) has driven innovation and also has posed 
greater threats to the privacy rights guaranteed by Article 17 of the 
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). AI systems 
allow for surveillance, profiling, data fusion and automated decision-making; many of them offer little transparency, consent or accountability. 
This study employs a doctrinal legal methodology to analyse Article 
17’s interpretive jurisprudence, while drawing comparative insights 
from frameworks like the GDPR. It examines how AI practices often 
involve unlawful inferences when lacking a clear legal basis and arbitrary 
interference that does not meet the requirements of proportionality, 
necessity and reasonable standards. Case studies show violations by 
facial recognition at protests, algorithmic profiling of behaviours and 
discrimination over health topics, highlighting intersections with the 
non-discrimination guarantees in Article 26. Findings illustrate that 
remedies are still insufficient, and States struggle to ensure oversight, 
effective redress and privacy-by-design protections. The paper ends 
by arguing that Article 17 must be broadly interpreted to cover informational, algorithmic and biometric privacy, which demands more 
sophisticated governance and independent regulation and protection 
of enforceable rights of access, correction and erasure to protect human 
dignity in the age of AI.&nbsp;&nbsp;]]></content>
  <references />
  <keywords>Digital privacy, artificial intelligence (AI), GDPR, informational privacy, AI governance</keywords>
  <date>2026-10-25</date>
  <url>https://jlp.ibupress.com/articles/artificial-intelligence-the-violation-of-right-to-privacy-under-article-17-of-the-iccpr</url>
  <issue>2</issue>
  <pages>69-83</pages>
  <doi>10.69648/CUYL4523</doi>
  <language>en</language>
  <license>CC BY-NC-ND 4.0</license>
  <license_url>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</license_url>
  <pdf>https://jlp.ibupress.com/file/AlTTfquGaBT/jlp-7-2-05-rayhan.pdf</pdf>
  <authors>
    <author>
      <first_name>Arif</first_name>
      <last_name>Rayhan</last_name>
      <affiliation>Supreme Court of Bangladesh</affiliation>
      <country>Bangladesh</country>
      <orcid>https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9672-1039</orcid>
      <corresponding>true</corresponding>
    </author>
  </authors>
  <journal>
    <title>Journal of Law And Politics</title>
    <issn>2671-342X</issn>
    <eissn>2671-3438</eissn>
    <publisher>Balkan University Press</publisher>
    <url>https://jlp.ibupress.com</url>
  </journal>
</article>