<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.3/JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JLP</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Law And Politics</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">JLP</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="print">2671-342X</issn>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2671-3438</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Balkan University Press</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">206</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>IMF’s Role in Post- Pandemic Economic Recovery</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Ferhad</surname>
            <given-names>Sezer</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1" />
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <institution>International Balkan University – Skopje</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-01">
        <day>01</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <fpage>13</fpage>
      <lpage>25</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/">
          <license-p>CC BY-NC-ND 4.0</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://jlp.ibupress.com/articles/imf-s-role-in-post-pandemic-economic-recovery" />
      <self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="https://jlp.ibupress.com/file/265/ibu-journal-jlp-7-1-2.pdf" />
      <abstract>
        <p>The International Monetary Fund is one of the most important international financial institutions, which aims to protect and ensure the development of the global financial system as well as the development of developing countries. The IMF has been the go-to source for help during many times of crisis, and the latest financial and economic crisis following the COVID-19 pandemic was no different. Many countries required aid and policy guidance in order to ensure a fast and strong recovery from the pandemic, and the IMF assumed the role to provide the much-needed support tied to its conditionalities. The aid provided by the IMF had a significant impact on many aspects of economies and led to a considerably quicker recovery, to the surprise of many. The impact of the IMF with regard to rebuilding market trust and financial stability led to a commendable recovery. However, there were several shortcomings as well. The opportunity provided by the need for an economic recovery to reshape economics into a more inclusive, green economic understanding and to reduce inequalities was underutilized, and the characteristic austerity policies of the Fund continued to create new struggles for developing countries with vulnerability. The aim of this paper is to understand the role and impact of the IMF during the post-pandemic economic recovery.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
        <kwd>Conditionalities</kwd>
        <kwd>financial institutions</kwd>
        <kwd>green economics</kwd>
        <kwd>inequality</kwd>
        <kwd>public debt</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <title>References</title>
      <ref id="r1">
        <mixed-citation>Agarwal, R., &amp; Gopinath, G. (2021). A Proposal to End the COVID-19 Pandemic. IMF Staff Discussion</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r2">
        <mixed-citation>Notes No. 2021/004.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r3">
        <mixed-citation>Balibek, E., Haque, T., Rivetti, D., &amp; Tamene, M. (2019). Medium-Term Debt Management Strategy: Analytical Tool Manual. International Monetary Fund.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r4">
        <mixed-citation>Gallagher, K. P., &amp; Carlin, F. M. (2020). IMF Responses to COVID. Covid Economics, CEPR Press, Issue 42.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r5">
        <mixed-citation>Gourinchas, P.-O. (2023). Global Economy on Track but Not Yet Out of the Woods. IMF.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r6">
        <mixed-citation>Harada, T. (2024). Developing Countries after the COVID-19 Shock: Inflation, Debt Crisis and Future Outlook. JICA Ogata Sadako Research Institute for Peace and Development.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r7">
        <mixed-citation>Ibish, M., &amp; Ferhad, S. (2023). Understanding the challenges of the IMF through the case studies of Greece, Argentina and Turkiye. Journal of Law and Politics , 5-12.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r8">
        <mixed-citation>Ibish, M., &amp; Ferhad, S. (2024). North Macedonia's challenging path to EU integration. International</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r9">
        <mixed-citation>Journal of Social Sciences “VIZIONE“ Skopje, issue no.42.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r10">
        <mixed-citation>IMF. (2020). Debt Management Responses to the Pandemic. International Monetary Fund.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r11">
        <mixed-citation>IMF. (2021). Catastrophe Containment and Relief Trust—Fifth Tranche of Debt Service Relief in The Context of The COVID-19 Pandemic. IMF Policy Paper No. 2021/074.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r12">
        <mixed-citation>IMF. (2024). IMF LENDING. Retrieved from International Monetary Fund Web site: https://www.imf.org/en/About/Factsheets/IMF-Lending</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r13">
        <mixed-citation>Jrad, S., Bouzaine, A., Mezher, N., &amp; Chernova, A. (2023). Pandemic Responses in the MENA</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r14">
        <mixed-citation>Region: Lessons learned for an inclusive economic recovery. Oxfam International.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r15">
        <mixed-citation>Kaytan, M. F. (2025). Economic Consequences of Political Instability and Governance: Comparative</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r16">
        <mixed-citation>Insights from European Economies. GAS Journal of Economics and Business Management</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r17">
        <mixed-citation>(GASJEBM), 33-37.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r18">
        <mixed-citation>Kentikelenis, A., Stubbs, T., &amp; Reinsberg, B. (2022). The IMF and the Road to a Green and Inclusive</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r19">
        <mixed-citation>Recovery after Covid-19. Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r20">
        <mixed-citation>Klutse, S. K., Sagi, J., &amp; Kiss, G. D. (2023). The role of COVID-19 in worsening the debt sustainability in developing economies – The case of Ghana and Kenya. Regional Science Policy &amp; Practice. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/rsp3.12676</pub-id></mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r21">
        <mixed-citation>Kose, M. A., Nagle, P., Ohnsorge, F., &amp; Sugawara, N. (2021). What Has Been the Impact of COVID-19 on Debt? Policy Research Working Paper.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r22">
        <mixed-citation>Merling, L. (2021). Reforming the IMF for a resilient recovery. International Trade Union Confederation.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r23">
        <mixed-citation>Munevar, D. (2020a). Arrested Development: International Monetary Fund lending and austerity post</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r24">
        <mixed-citation>Covid-19. Eurodad.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r25">
        <mixed-citation>Munevar, D. (2020b). Debt Sustainability Analysis and the 2030 Agenda. UNCTAD.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r26">
        <mixed-citation>OECD. (2020). Public debt management responses to COVID-19. OECD. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1787/5c830e69-en</pub-id></mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r27">
        <mixed-citation>Ramos, L., &amp; Gallagher, K. P. (2022). The IMF COVID-19 Surveillance Monitor. Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1163/19426720-02804004</pub-id></mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r28">
        <mixed-citation>Tamale, N. (2021). Adding fuel to fire: How IMF demands for austerity will drive up inequality worldwide . Oxfam GB for Oxfam International. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21201/2021.7864</pub-id></mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r29">
        <mixed-citation>World Bank. (2022). World Development Report 2022: Chapter 1. The economic impacts of the COVID-19 crisis. World Bank .</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
</article>