THE SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MEDIA AND TERRORISM the-symbiotic-relationship-between-media-and-terrorism Volume 6, Issue 2 ARTICLES 2025 6 This study examines the evolving relationship between media and ter rorism in the contemporary world. The global expansion of terrorism, particularly following the 9/11 attacks, has been facilitated by techno logical advancements and globalization, allowing terrorist organizations to extend their reach and operational capabilities. Concurrently, the development of new media, driven by communication technologies and the Internet, has transformed media into a social and cultural arena with global accessibility. The paper highlights the symbiotic relationship between media and terrorism, noting that media not only amplify the impact of terrorist acts but also enable the dissemination of ideology, recruitment, and operational coordination. The study emphasizes that this relationship is complex, dynamic, and multi-dimensional, and it can not be analyzed in a unilateral or subjective manner. Understanding the interplay between media and terrorism is crucial for developing effective strategies to mitigate the global threat posed by contemporary terrorism. 

]]> Alkan, N. (2013). Gençlik ve radikalizm (1st ed.). Kara Kutu Yayınları.

Ayhan, H. (2025). Terör kavramı, Güvenlik Konseyi ve Genel Kurul özelinde Birleşmiş Milletler’in 2001 sonrası terör yaklaşımı. Güvenlik Stratejileri, 11(21), 117–130. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/84596

Bassiouni, M. C. (1983). Problems in media coverage of nonstate-sponsored terror-violence incidents. In L. Z. Freedman & Y. Alexander (Eds.), Perspectives on terrorism (pp. 177–200). Scholarly Resources.

Brunst, P. W. (2010). Terrorism and the Internet: New threats posed by cyberterrorism and terrorist use of the Internet. In M. Wade & A. Maljevic (Eds.), A war on terror? The European stance on a new threat, changing laws and human rights implications (pp. 51–79). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-89291-7_3

Brown, M. E., Coté, O. R., Lynn-Jones, S. M., & Miller, S. E. (Eds.). (2010). Contending with terrorism: Roots, strategies, and responses. MIT Press. https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/contending-terrorism-roots-strategies-and-responses

Ceylan, A. K. (2012). Terör (1st ed.). Yeni Yüzyıl Yayınları.

Conway, M. (2007). Terrorism and the making of the ‘New Middle East’: New media strategies of Hizbollah and al Qaeda (Working Paper No. 7). Centre for International Studies, Dublin City University. https://doras.dcu.ie/2144/1/2008-7.pdf

Crelinsten, R. D. (1989). Terrorism and the media: Problems, solutions, and counterproblems. Political Communication, 6(4), 311–339. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.1989.9962881

Dean, G., Bell, P., & Newman, J. (2012). The dark side of social media: Review of online terrorism. Pakistan Journal of Criminology, 3(3), 107–126.

Ekinci, N. (2016). Medya bataklığında büyüyen bir sorun: Terörizm. Karadeniz Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(15), 217–236.

Erdogan, I. (2013). Küreselleşme olgusu bağlamında yeni güvenlik algısı. Gazi Akademik Bakış, 6(12), 265–292.

Eugenis, K. (2013). Who will tell the story? Terrorism’s relationship with the international news media (Master’s thesis, University of Nevada, Las Vegas). UNLV Digital Scholarship Repository. https://oasis.library.unlv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2823&context=thesesdissertations

Flory, M., & Higgins, R. (Eds.). (2014). Terrorism and international law. Routledge. https://www.routledge.com/Terrorism-and-International-Law/Flory-Higgins/p/book/9781138874329

Gitelman, L. (2006). Always already new: Media, history, and the data of culture. MIT Press. https://www.mediastudies.asia/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Gitelman-Always-Already-New-Intro-excerpts.pdf

Hoffman, B. (2006). Inside terrorism (2nd ed.). Columbia University Press.

Hoffman, B. (2017). Inside terrorism (3rd ed.). Columbia University Press. https://cup.columbia.edu/book/inside-terrorism/9780231174770

Hollingsworth, M., & Stewart-Mole, K. (2003). How to get into television, radio and new media. Continuum.

Hoskins, A., Awan, A., & O’Loughlin, B. (2011). Radicalisation and media: Connectivity and terrorism in the new media ecology (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203829677

Jan, M. (2009). Globalization of media: Key issues and dimensions. European Journal of Scientific Research, 29(1), 66–75.

Kanat, S. (2014). Terörizmin dünü, bugünü yarını: Siyasal gerçekçi bir değerlendirme. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(3), 195–210.

Kortti, J. (2016). Media history and the mediatization of everyday life. Media History, 23(1), 115–129. https://doi.org/10.1080/13688804.2016.1207509

Kozlowski, A. (2013). Perceptions of guilt in sensational cases: The influence of media (Master’s thesis, Texas Tech University), 8–9.

Kydd, A. H., & Walter, B. F. (2006). The strategies of terrorism. International Security, 31(1), 49–80. https://doi.org/10.1162/ISEC.2006.31.1.49

Laqueur, W. (2006). The new terrorism: Fanaticism and the arms of mass destruction. Oxford University Press. https://public.ebookcentral.proquest.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=273087

Lee, K. (2015). Social media and terrorism. ASA Institute for Risk & Innovation, 2.

Lieberman, A. V. (2017). Terrorism, the Internet, and propaganda: A deadly combination. Journal of National Security Law & Policy, 9, 95–103.

Lumbaca, S., & Gray, H. D. (2011). The media as an enabler for acts of terrorism. Global Security Studies, 2(1), 46.

Manovich, L. (2001). The language of new media. MIT Press.

Matos, C. (2012). Globalization and the mass media. In Encyclopedia of globalization. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470670590.wbeog369

Matusitz, J. (2012). Terrorism and communication: A critical introduction (1st ed.). SAGE Publications.

McQuail, D. (2010). McQuail’s mass communication theory (6th ed.). SAGE.

McQueeney, K. (2014). Disrupting Islamophobia: Teaching the social construction of terrorism in the mass media. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 26(2), 297–309. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1060841.pdf

Movius, L. (2010). Cultural globalisation and challenges to traditional communication theories. Platform Journal of Media and Communication, 2(1), 6–17.

Nasir, M. (2013). Role of media in a developed society. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 5(2), 407–415.

Norris, P., Kern, M., & Just, M. (Eds.). (2003). Framing terrorism: The news media, the government and the public. Routledge.

Osaherumwen, I. S. (2017). International terrorism: The influence of social media in perspective. World Wide Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 3(10), 86–91.

Parekh, B. (2004). Globalisation for a multicultural world. In K. Horton & H. Patapan (Eds.), Globalisation and equality (1st ed., pp. 129–145). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203358252

Perešin, A. (2007). Mass media and terrorism. Medijska Istraživanja, 13(1), 5–22. https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/28073

Perliger, A. (2006). Middle Eastern terrorism (Roots of Terrorism). Chelsea House Publishers.

Schmid, A. P. (2004). Terrorism – The definitional problem. Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 36(2), 375–419. https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1400&context=jil

Smith, M., & İgoe Walsh, J. (2013). Do drone strikes degrade Al Qaeda? Evidence from propaganda output. Terrorism and Political Violence, 25, 314. Routledge.

Spencer, A. (2006). Questioning the concept of ‘new terrorism’. Peace, Conflict & Development, 8, 1–33. https://www.bradford.ac.uk/library/library-resources/journal-of-peace-conflict-and-development/Questioning-the-Concept.pdf

Taşdemir, F. (2015). İç savaş çerçevesinde terörizm ve IŞİD örneği. Uluslararası Hukuk ve Politika, 11(42), 41–67.

Taylor, P. (1997). Global communications, international affairs and the media since 1945. Routledge.

The White House. (2015, February 18). Remarks by the president in closing of the summit on countering violent extremism. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/02/18/remarks-president-closing-summit-countering-violent-extremism

Tsesis, A. (2017). Terrorist incitement on the Internet. Fordham Law Review, 86(2), 367–373.

Tugwell, M. (1986). Terrorism and propaganda: Problem and response. Conflict Quarterly, 5–7.

Tuman, J. S. (2010). Communicating terror: The rhetorical dimensions of terrorism (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452275161

Van de Voorde, C. V. (2005). Freedom fighters, freedom haters, martyrs, and evildoers: The social construction of suicide terrorism (Doctoral dissertation, University of South Florida), 113.

Wang, D. (2008). Globalization of the media: Does it undermine national cultures? Intercultural Communication Studies, 17(2), 203–211. https://scispace.com/pdf/globalization-of-the-media-does-it-undermine-national-50cq4m3k6d.pdf

Wilkinson, P. (1974). Political terrorism (1st ed.). The MacMillan Press.

Williamson, M. (2009). Terrorism, war and international law: The legality of the use of force against Afghanistan in 2001 (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315612133

Zajda, J., & Gibbs, D. (Eds.). (2009). Comparative information technology: Languages, societies and the internet. Springer.

Zhang, X. (2015). Media coverage of the ISIS threat: Transnational media and global journalism (Master’s thesis, Texas Tech University). https://ttu-ir.tdl.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/527032ed-cc1a-41e9-978e-7e6302622687/content

]]> Terrorism, media, new media, globalization, propaganda. https://jlp.ibupress.com/articles/the-symbiotic-relationship-between-media-and-terrorism