1 2 2020 2020-10-30 https://jlp.ibupress.com/issue/volume-1-issue-2 2671-342X 2671-3438 Balkan University Press https://jlp.ibupress.com

practice-on-investigative-activities-in-international-criminal-courts-and-tribunals 2020 1 The modern trend in criminal investigations in Europe is of a movement away from inquisitorial investigative methods involving judicial enquiry and oversight towards investigations supervised by the public prosecutor.

]]> investigations, international court, prosecutor, pre – trail 2020-10-30 https://jlp.ibupress.com/articles/practice-on-investigative-activities-in-international-criminal-courts-and-tribunals 2 1-9 en CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://jlp.ibupress.com/file/353/14-pdf.pdf Vesna Trajanovska International Balkan University true 2671-342X 2671-3438 Balkan University Press https://jlp.ibupress.com

deliberative-democracy-and-quota-system-a-key-to-increased-gender-participation-in-politics-in-north-macedonia 2020 1 Several important features distinguish investigative procedures in the common law/adversarial and the civil inquisitorial or hybrid civil adversarial systems. Summarized, these are the actual responsibility for investigating, the extent of the investigation itself, the discretion to investigate and or prosecute, and the role of the court in the indictment and the investigation process.

]]> deliberative democracy, quotas, gender equality, politics, North Macedonia 2020-10-30 https://jlp.ibupress.com/articles/deliberative-democracy-and-quota-system-a-key-to-increased-gender-participation-in-politics-in-north-macedonia 2 10-17 en CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://jlp.ibupress.com/file/352/15-pdf.pdf Biljana Chavkoska Instituto Universitàrio de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL) true Sergej Pazdrijan Oklahoma State University 2671-342X 2671-3438 Balkan University Press https://jlp.ibupress.com

mediators-and-their-organization-in-the-republic-of-north-macedonia 2020 1 In international system, the prosecutor is responsible for investigating offences, although in practice in the civil law countries using adversarial trial procedures much investigative work is delegated to the police.

]]> Alternative dispute resolution methods, Mediation, Mediator, Law on Mediation, Organization of Mediators in Republic of North Macedonia 2020-10-30 https://jlp.ibupress.com/articles/mediators-and-their-organization-in-the-republic-of-north-macedonia 2 18-26 en CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://jlp.ibupress.com/file/351/16-pdf.pdf Fjolla Kaprolli 1 International Balkan University true 2671-342X 2671-3438 Balkan University Press https://jlp.ibupress.com

liability-for-damages-caused-by-terrorist-acts-public-demonstrations-or-manifestations-in-the-republic-of-north-macedonia 2020 1 In many civil systems, investigation is mandatory once a criminal complaint is filed. In the common law the police have a discretion not to investigate, and the prosecutor has a broad discretion not to take a case to trial. In civil inquisitorial systems the investigator, whether a judge, prosecutor or police must investigate for exculpatory material. Common law systems, on the other hand, being party-driven, do not require the investigating agency to actively investigate for exculpatory material, but any found must be disclosed to the defense.

]]> Liability, damage, terrorist acts, public demonstrations, public manifestations 2020-10-30 https://jlp.ibupress.com/articles/liability-for-damages-caused-by-terrorist-acts-public-demonstrations-or-manifestations-in-the-republic-of-north-macedonia 2 27-32 en CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://jlp.ibupress.com/file/350/17-pdf.pdf Betim Ameti International Balkan University true 2671-342X 2671-3438 Balkan University Press https://jlp.ibupress.com

the-significance-and-function-of-the-works-made-for-hire-doctrine 2020 1 In common law systems the prosecutor has a wide discretion as to whether to bring a case to court after the investigation. In England and Wales the prosecutor takes a charge or indictment to the court. The charge is read out and the defendant then enters a plea of guilty or not guilty and the court proceeds (eventually) to trial or to sentence. By contrast in the other national and international systems reviewed the decision to allow the case to proceed in the court itself involves a judicial review of the evidence to determine whether sufficient evidence exists to confirm the charges and hence continue the case.

]]> Works made for hire, Contract of service, Contract of services, Intellectual Property, Copyright 2020-10-30 https://jlp.ibupress.com/articles/the-significance-and-function-of-the-works-made-for-hire-doctrine 2 33-40 en CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://jlp.ibupress.com/file/349/18-pdf.pdf Ljubisha Stefanoski International Balkan University true 2671-342X 2671-3438 Balkan University Press https://jlp.ibupress.com

assessing-the-conflict-between-copyright-enforcement-and-the-freedom-of-expression-under-the-european-convention-on-human-rights 2020 1 The role of the defense lawyer is similar in each system surveyed in that the defense lawyer responds to the prosecution case and assembles a defense case. In the international courts and tribunals the prosecution and defense conduct their own investigations. The International Criminal Court allows limited involvement by a pre-trial chamber in the investigative process.

]]> copyright, copyright enforcement, freedom of expression, European Convention on Human Rights, ECHR, European Court of Human Rights, ECtHR, balancing two rights 2020-10-30 https://jlp.ibupress.com/articles/assessing-the-conflict-between-copyright-enforcement-and-the-freedom-of-expression-under-the-european-convention-on-human-rights 2 41-58 en CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://jlp.ibupress.com/file/348/19-pdf.pdf Vildan Drpljanin Cyril Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia true 2671-342X 2671-3438 Balkan University Press https://jlp.ibupress.com

legal-perspectives-on-gender-equality-in-north-macedonia-s-labour-market 2020 1 The prevailing international legal framework in North Macedonia has a certain key role in the process of shaping an up-to-date, democratic society in which gender equality is perceived as one of the foundational principles. Consequently, a continuous ratification and harmonization of international legal standards in relation of the overall state of gender equality in North Macedonia’s labour market needs to be maintained and improved on a regular basis, remarking that the development of legal framework in relation to international norms is a key element in order to give equal opportunities to each individual on the labour market, entirely respecting their gender identity. With the intention of comprehending today’s position of women in North Macedonia’s labour market, it is crucial to generate a brief analysis of relevant ratified international legal framework that principally supports and improves the general enhancement in several fields, such as anti-discrimination, transparency, inclusion and gender equality.

]]> gender equality, labour market, equal opportunities, equal pay, domestic legislation, international legal framework 2020-10-30 https://jlp.ibupress.com/articles/legal-perspectives-on-gender-equality-in-north-macedonia-s-labour-market 2 59-69 en CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://jlp.ibupress.com/file/347/20-pdf.pdf Gala Naseva true 2671-342X 2671-3438 Balkan University Press https://jlp.ibupress.com

the-effects-of-ethnic-stereotypes-on-inter-ethnic-relations-in-the-republic-of-north-macedonia 2020 1 Ethnic stereotypes in the Republic of North Macedonia between the various ethnic groups create various problems for the state and its people. The various ethnic groups in the nation, especially the dominant Macedonian and Albanian ethnic groups seem to have certain beliefs about each other that hamper progress by creating an environment of mistrust. Both of these groups seem to consider the opposite as an enemy that wants to subjugate them. The various stereotypes seem to reinforce this belief and lead to deteriorating interethnic relations. These stereotypes seem to be created and maintained by ethnic exclusion and interethnic self-segregation

]]> North Macedonia, ethnic stereotypes, self-segregation, inter ethnic relations, ethnic tensions 2020-10-30 https://jlp.ibupress.com/articles/the-effects-of-ethnic-stereotypes-on-inter-ethnic-relations-in-the-republic-of-north-macedonia 2 70-76 en CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://jlp.ibupress.com/file/346/21-pdf.pdf Zlatko Stojanov true 2671-342X 2671-3438 Balkan University Press https://jlp.ibupress.com