Volume 4, Issue 1

UNDERSTANDING THE CHALLENGES OF THE IMF THROUGH THE CASE STUDIES OF GREECE, ARGENTINA AND TURKIYE understanding-the-challenges-of-the-imf-through-the-case-studies-of-greece-argentina-and-turkiye Volume 4, Issue 1 Research Article 2023 4 The International Monetary Fund has been one of the key actors and at the same time one of the most controversial actors of International Economics since its establishment. There is not a definitive answer to the effectiveness and even necessity of the IMF as an international economic organization when some nations see the IMF as a savior and others as the devil in disguise. The interventions of the IMF that include a program and agreement with a member-state, usually in the form of stand-by arrangements, have always been criticized, not only in their effectiveness but also in the questionable intentions. This paper will go over the main issues and challenges of IMF interventions, based on several case studies, which will put a spotlight on the shortcomings of the International Monetary Fund.

]]> Deficit, Debt, Austerity, Poverty, Inflation, GDP, Recession, Surplus 2023-03-01 https://jlp.ibupress.com/articles/understanding-the-challenges-of-the-imf-through-the-case-studies-of-greece-argentina-and-turkiye 1 5-12 en CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://jlp.ibupress.com/file/317/53-pdf.pdf Mevludin Ibish International Balkan University true Sezer Ferhad International Balkan University – Skopje Journal of Law And Politics 2671-342X 2671-3438 Balkan University Press https://jlp.ibupress.com

WORK FROM HOME-CHALLENGES IN THE PERIOD OF GLOBAL PANDEMIC work-from-home-challenges-in-the-period-of-global-pandemic Volume 4, Issue 1 Research Article 2023 4 Labor Laws regulate that the employee and the employer can conclude an employment contract by doing work at home. The global pandemic imposed new questions and challenges for the realization of this agreement with the lack of extensive experience from previous years, with the exception of certain sectors and activities.

After several months of working from home, the companies lack an assessment of the real weight in performing work tasks from home, as well as taking measures to protect the mental and physical health of workers. In this regard, necessary changes or adoption of new laws that would regulate in detail the

rights and obligations of workers and employers to perform the work process from home is needed. Some countries like Chile adopted new laws on working from home. This article will analyze the legal changes that should regulate the issue of measuring employee productivity, mechanisms for maintaining motivation, real opportunities to do work from home, protection from domestic violence, data protection, protection of physical and mental health of workers and other important questions that arise as a result of the global pandemic.

]]> work from home, global pandemic, future challenges, workers, employers, protection, productivity 2023-03-01 https://jlp.ibupress.com/articles/work-from-home-challenges-in-the-period-of-global-pandemic 1 13-19 en CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://jlp.ibupress.com/file/316/54-pdf.pdf Biljana Chavkoska Instituto Universitàrio de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL) true Journal of Law And Politics 2671-342X 2671-3438 Balkan University Press https://jlp.ibupress.com

MONETARY – FISCAL POLICY INTERACTIONS IN THE EURO AREA monetary-fiscal-policy-interactions-in-the-euro-area Volume 4, Issue 1 Research Article 2023 4 The last review of the ECB's monetary policy strategy in 2003 followed a period of mostly upside risks to price stability. The experience of the 2008 financial crisis has focused renewed attention on how monetary and fiscal policy should best interact, especially in an environment of structurally low interest rates and persistent downside risks to price stability. This debate was further intensified by the economic impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. In the eurozone, the unique architecture of a monetary union consisting of sovereigns мember сtates, with heterogeneity and weaknesses between countries in the overall share construction, poses important challenges. Against this background, this report reviews the interactions of monetary-fiscal policy in the eurozone from the perspective of monetary policy and with a focus on consequences for price stability and maintaining the independence and credibility of the central bank. The paper presents a conceptual framework for thinking about monetary-fiscal political interactions, thus setting the stage for a discussion specifically about the Eurozone aspects and challenges. Specifically, it looks at it main ingredients of consensus before the global financial crisis for monetary-fiscal political interactions and refers to significant new insights and refinements which have gained importance since 2003. In doing so, the paper distinguishes between general conceptual aspects – ie. those aspects that relate to the environment characterized by a single central bank and a single fiscal authority and those aspects relating to an environment characterized by a single central bank and many fiscal authorities (multi-country monetary union).

]]> Monetary Policy, Fiscal Policy, Monetary Union 2023-03-01 https://jlp.ibupress.com/articles/monetary-fiscal-policy-interactions-in-the-euro-area 1 20-25 en CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://jlp.ibupress.com/file/315/55-pdf.pdf Haris Muminovic International Balkan University true Journal of Law And Politics 2671-342X 2671-3438 Balkan University Press https://jlp.ibupress.com

INHERITANCE IN TERMS OF POSITIVE LAW AND CUSTOMARY LAWIN NORTH ALBANIA inheritance-in-terms-of-positive-law-and-customary-law-in-north-albania Volume 4, Issue 1 Research Article 2023 4 This paper aims to emphasize a dialectic litigation between the positive law and the customary law in regard with inheritance, in the Northern part of the Republic of Albania. The conceptual analyses and boundaries inter alia these laws seem to be very difficult to understand which ones are more applicable. According to research, appears to be the “historical law” more applicable rather than an “applied law” which is regulated within the Civil Code and the Constitution of the country. The right of inheritance is the most visible part and presents how positive law is facing difficulties and obstacles to find application.Albania is very rich in the framework of Customary Law. The focus in this work will be at Kanuni i Lekë Duakagjinit. The legal sources of unwritten and later on written forms of Canons were always present in daily life in this area which regulated the “public” and private life of the individual and the society. The scope of the applicability of Kanuni i Lekës, now days, as an Customary Law on one hand concerning the Right of Inheritance for a woman and on the other hand the non-applicability of the positive law - The Right of Inheritance for woman and man, out speak the juxtaposition. Through the comparative approach will shed light on about the ambiguity upon the concepts. The patriarchal and patrilineal mindset is deeply rooted in the society and gives the arduous task to understand the ambiguity among the history and the present in the sense of legal skeleton.

]]> Positive Law, Customary Law, Right to Inheritance and legal norm 2023-03-01 https://jlp.ibupress.com/articles/inheritance-in-terms-of-positive-law-and-customary-law-in-north-albania 1 27-33 en CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://jlp.ibupress.com/file/300/56-pdf.pdf Albulena Ibraimi International Balkan University true Journal of Law And Politics 2671-342X 2671-3438 Balkan University Press https://jlp.ibupress.com

CONSTITUTION BUILDING IN POST CONFLICT STATES constitution-building-in-post-conflict-states Volume 4, Issue 1 Research Article 2023 4 One of the key elements of post-conflict peace and post-conflict state building is the creation of a new legal order as an appropriate tool for political and governance transition. In this sense, the adoption of a new constitution after a conflict, especially an armed conflict, and particularly an internal armed conflict, is a main component and necessity of a political transition. Post-conflict constitution-building can certainly provide an opportunity to shape the institutional and governance framework. The Constitution can play in some way, a peace agreement role, but it is surely a framework that sets up the rules by which the state will function in the future. Hence, the adoption of a new constitution by post-conflict states signalizes a clear break with the past. This paper is focused on the constitutional process as one of the main aspects of post-conflict state-building. In this sense, we tried to find adequate answers to several, according to the author’s opinion, relevant questions regarding legal and political processes followed by many challenges and opportunities.

]]> post-conflict states, fragility, constitution building, participation 2023-03-01 https://jlp.ibupress.com/articles/constitution-building-in-post-conflict-states 1 34-39 en CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://jlp.ibupress.com/file/314/57-pdf.pdf Biljana Karovska Andonovska true Journal of Law And Politics 2671-342X 2671-3438 Balkan University Press https://jlp.ibupress.com

FINANCIAL CRISIS AND ECONOMIC COLLAPSE financial-crisis-and-economic-collapse Volume 4, Issue 1 Research Article 2023 4 The beginning of the world financial crisis from 2008 until today, continued with the global health pandemic Corona 19, caused a financial collapse at the world level and caused a large percentage of unemployment and indebtedness of the Government to the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. This short scientific paper will point out all the phenomena and facts in the financial world forwarded with legal norms and regulations. A financial crisis is generally defined as any situation where significant financial assets – such as stocks or real estate – suddenly experience a sharp decline in value. They are often preceded by periods of economic boom and overextension of credit to borrowers. Economic recessions that follow a financial crisis are usually significantly more severe than recessions that are not preceded by a specific financial crisis. Sovereign debts are debts taken up by a government to finance capital-intensive infrastructural projects. However, when the government takes on too many debts and is unable to pay principal and interest obligations when they fall due, it increases the risk of defaulting on its existing debt obligations and going bankrupt. A global currency crisis involves the loss of value of a major currency that is used in cross-border trade transactions between individuals, corporations, and governments. For example, the US dollar is used as the world reserve currency in the Bretton Woods institutions, which means that if the US dollar depreciates in value, it may trigger a global economic crisis.

]]> Financial Crisis, Ecominic Collapse, Capital Contorls 2023-03-01 https://jlp.ibupress.com/articles/financial-crisis-and-economic-collapse 1 40-45 en CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://jlp.ibupress.com/file/313/58-pdf.pdf Haris Muminovic International Balkan University true Journal of Law And Politics 2671-342X 2671-3438 Balkan University Press https://jlp.ibupress.com

ADVANCING SUSTAINABILITY THROUGH REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE EU'S CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY DUE DILIGENCE DIRECTIVE advancing-sustainability-through-regulatory-frameworks-a-critical-analysis-of-the-eu-s-corporate-sustainability-due-diligence-directive Volume 4, Issue 1 Research Article 2023 4 The evolving discourse on sustainability transcends environmental conservation, encompassing a wider spectrum of concerns that involve an array of stakeholders including policy makers, investors, and civil society. This broad engagement has spurred legislative efforts within the European Union (EU) to incorporate sustainable practices across the corporate sector. Central to these efforts is the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD), a legislative framework initiated by the European Commission to mandate transparency in corporations’ environmental and human rights efforts. This paper delves into the CSDDD within the context of the EU's broader legislative and policy initiatives aimed at promoting sustainable development. It examines the directive's potential to transform corporate due diligence practices, its implications for EU and non-EU entities, and its broader impact on global sustainability standards.

]]> 2023-03-01 https://jlp.ibupress.com/articles/advancing-sustainability-through-regulatory-frameworks-a-critical-analysis-of-the-eu-s-corporate-sustainability-due-diligence-directive 1 46-48 en CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://jlp.ibupress.com/file/312/59-pdf.pdf Marta Vejseli true Journal of Law And Politics 2671-342X 2671-3438 Balkan University Press https://jlp.ibupress.com