<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<issue>
  <title>Volume 5, Issue 1</title>
  <volume>5</volume>
  <number>1</number>
  <year>2023</year>
  <date>2024-04-10</date>
  <url>https://jlp.ibupress.com/issue/volume-5-issue-1</url>
  <journal>
    <title>Journal of Law And Politics</title>
    <issn>2671-342X</issn>
    <eissn>2671-3438</eissn>
    <publisher>Balkan University Press</publisher>
    <url>https://jlp.ibupress.com</url>
  </journal>
  <articles>
    <article>
      <title>NAVIGATING THE DATA STREAM: THE INTERSECTION OF DIGITAL POLITICS AND INDONESIAN FOREIGN POLICY IN THE ERA OF BIG DATA</title>
      <slug>navigating-the-data-stream-the-intersection-of-digital-politics-and-indonesian-foreign-policy-in-the-era-of-big-data</slug>
      <parent>
        <title>Volume 5, Issue 1</title>
      </parent>
      <post_type>
        <title>Research Article</title>
      </post_type>
      <year>2023</year>
      <volume>5</volume>
      <content><![CDATA[<p>In the contemporary landscape of international relations, the fusion of digital politics and big data analytics has emerged as a pivotal force reshaping diplomatic strategies and national foreign policy. This paper delves into the intricate interplay between digital politics and Indonesian foreign policy within the expansive realm of big data. Indonesia is a dynamic archipelago boasting a burgeoning digital ecosystem that serves as an illuminating case study to unravel the multifaceted dynamics of this intersection.</p>
<p>In this era of information overload (Wood et al., 1998), big data analytics revolutionized the traditional diplomacy paradigm, offering unprecedented insight into global trends, public sentiment, and policy preferences. Traditionally grounded in diplomatic norms and statecraft, Indonesian foreign policy is now navigating the data stream, leveraging digital technologies to enhance strategic decision-making.</p>
<p>The convergence of digital politics and big data has democratized access to information and posed novel challenges, including privacy, misinformation, and algorithmic biases (Boyd, 2008). Against this backdrop, Indonesian policymakers are tasked with crafting nuanced approaches to harness the potential of big data while safeguarding national interest and democratic values.</p>
<p>Through a comprehensive analysis of Internet research methods through case studies, policy initiatives, and theoretical frameworks, this paper illuminates the transformative potential of big data in shaping the contours of Indonesian foreign policy. By exploring the synergies between digital politics and diplomatic endeavors, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the evolving landscape of international relations in the digital age.</p>
<p> </p>]]></content>
      <references><![CDATA[<p><span>B</span><span>arston, R. P. (2019) Modern Diplomacy, London: Routledge.</span></p>
<p><span>Boyd, D. (2008). Facebook’s Privacy Trainwreck: Exposure, Invasion, and Social Convergence. Convergence, 14(1), 13-20. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856507084416">https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856507084416</a></span></p>
<p><span>Chandler, D., &amp; Fuchs, C. (2019). <em><span>Digital Objects, Digital Subjects: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Capitalism, Labour and Politics in the Age of Big Data</span></em>. (D. Chandler &amp; C. Fuchs, Eds.) London: University of Westminster Press.</span></p>
<p><span>Daniel, T. (2016).<em><span> Social Media as Surveillance: Rethinking Visibility in a Converging World</span></em>. London: Routledge.</span></p>
<p><span>Drakopoulou, S., Grossman, W. &amp; Moore, P (2010). The Campaign for Digital Citizenship. <em><span>Journal of Politics and Culture (62): 107-120. 65</span></em>.</span></p>
<p><span>Fathun, L. (2021). Indonesia’s Foreign Policy in Digital Era: Poliheuristic Theory. <em><span>Intermestic: Journal of International Studies, 6 </span></em>(1), 197-220.</span></p>
<p><span>Frayssé, O &amp; O'Neil, M (Eds.). 2015. <em><span>Digital Labour and Prosumer Capitalism</span></em>: <em><span>The US Matrix</span></em>. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.</span></p>
<p><span>Hanson, F. (2012, October 25). <em><span>Baked in and Wired: eDiplomacy@State</span></em>, <em><span>Foreign Policy Paper Series No. 30,</span></em> Washington, DC: Brookings Institution (pp. 1-41).</span></p>
<p><span>Herrera, G, L. (2002). The Politics of Bandwidth: International Political Implications of a Global Digital Information Network. <em><span>Review of International Studies, 28</span></em> (1), 93-122.</span></p>
<p><span>Holsti, O. R. (2009). Public Opinion and American Foreign Policy. Michigan: the University of Michigan Press.</span></p>
<p><span>Lim, M. (2017). Freedom to Hate: Social Media, Algorithmic Enclaves, and The Rise of Tribal Nationalism in Indonesia. <em><span>Critical Asian Studies (1):1-18</span></em>.</span></p>
<p><span>Mueller, M, L. (2013). <em><span>Networks and States: The Global Politics of Internet Governance</span></em>. Cambridge: MIT Press.</span></p>
<p><span>Payton, T. M. &amp; Claypoole, T. (2014). Privacy in the Age of Big Data: Recognizing the Threats, Defending Your Rights, and Protecting Your Family. Lanham: Rowman &amp; Littlefield.</span></p>
<p><span>Ruddyard, F. (2023, December 13). <em><span>Global AI Governance: Discourse and Challenges for Indonesia</span></em>. Jakarta: Kompas. id.</span></p>
<p><span>Schiller, D. (1999). <em><span>Digital capitalism: networking the global market system</span></em>. Massachusetts: The MIT Press.</span></p>
<p><span>Scholz, T. (2013). <em><span>Digital Labor: The Internet as Playground and Factory</span></em>. (T. Scholz, Ed.) London: Routledge.</span></p>
<p><span>Trottier, D. (2016). <em><span>Social Media as Surveillance: Rethinking Visibility in a Converging World</span></em>. London: Routledge.</span></p>
<p><span>Witheford, N-D. (1999). <em><span>Cyber-Marx: cycles and circuits of struggle in high-technology capitalism</span></em>. Chicago: University of Illinois Press.</span></p>
<p><span>Wood, E. M., Foster, J. B. &amp; McChesney, R. D. (Eds.). (1998). <em><span>Capitalism and the Information Age: The Political Economy of the Global Communication Revolution</span></em>, 51–67. New York: Monthly Review Press.</span></p>
<p><span>Zhang, W., Johnson, T. J., Seltzer, T., &amp; Bichard, S. L. (2010). The Revolution Will be Networked: The Influence of Social Networking Sites on Political Attitudes and Behavior. Social Science Computer Review, 28(1), 75-92. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439309335162">https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439309335162</a></span></p>
<p><span>Zuboff, S. (2019). <em><span>The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power</span></em>. New York: Public Affairs</span></p>
<p><span>Zuboff, S. (2019, October Friday). ‘Surveillance capitalism is an assault on human autonomy.’ (J. Kavenna, Interviewer) The Guardian.</span></p>]]></references>
      <keywords>Digital politics, Big Data, International Relations, Diplomacy, Foreign Policy</keywords>
      <date>2024-04-10</date>
      <url>https://jlp.ibupress.com/articles/navigating-the-data-stream-the-intersection-of-digital-politics-and-indonesian-foreign-policy-in-the-era-of-big-data</url>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <pages>1-22</pages>
      <language>en</language>
      <license>CC BY-NC-ND 4.0</license>
      <license_url>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</license_url>
      <pdf>https://jlp.ibupress.com/file/305/65.pdf</pdf>
      <authors>
        <author>
          <first_name>Abdullah</first_name>
          <last_name>Sumrahadi</last_name>
          <affiliation>President University, Jababeka, Indonesia &amp; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia</affiliation>
          <corresponding>true</corresponding>
        </author>
        <author>
          <first_name>Musa</first_name>
          <last_name>Maliki</last_name>
          <affiliation>Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Indonesia</affiliation>
        </author>
        <author>
          <first_name>Harryanto</first_name>
          <last_name>Aryodiguno</last_name>
          <affiliation>President University, Jababeka, Indonesia</affiliation>
        </author>
      </authors>
      <journal>
        <title>Journal of Law And Politics</title>
        <issn>2671-342X</issn>
        <eissn>2671-3438</eissn>
        <publisher>Balkan University Press</publisher>
        <url>https://jlp.ibupress.com</url>
      </journal>
    </article>
    <article>
      <title>DIGITALIZATION IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: A COMPARISON OF PRACTICES IN ALBANIA, TÜRKİYE AND NORTH MACEDONIA</title>
      <slug>digitalization-in-public-administration-a-comparison-of-practices-in-albania-turkiye-and-north-macedonia</slug>
      <parent>
        <title>Volume 5, Issue 1</title>
      </parent>
      <post_type>
        <title>Research Article</title>
      </post_type>
      <year>2023</year>
      <volume>5</volume>
      <content><![CDATA[<p>This article addresses digitalization processes in the field of public administration for Albania, Türkiye, and North Macedonia and examines in depth the digital management strategies, achievements, challenges, and future plans of these three countries. A transformation process has been initiated in Albania, which offers various e-services such as e-Albania. Türkiye has made a significant transformation in the digital field by offering a wide range of services to citizens through the e-Government Gateway. North Macedonia’s aim was to facilitate access to public services through early digital reforms and initiatives such as the One Stop Shop project. This study reveals the common challenges and opportunities the three countries have faced in their digitalization journeys and emphasizes the importance of investments in digital infrastructure, digital literacy programs, and cross-sector collaboration. As a result, Albania, Türkiye, and North Macedonia’s efforts to digitalize public administration show them to have taken important steps toward a more transparent, effective, and participatory management approach.</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em> </em></p>]]></content>
      <references><![CDATA[<p>Bodur, A. B. (2024, January 05). <em>Anadolu Agency</em>. Retrieved from https://www.aa.com.tr: https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/ekonomi/e-devlet-kapisina-gecen-yil-4-4-milyar-girisle-rekor-kirildi/3100859</p>
<p>Council of Ministers (2022). <em>Decision No. 370, dt. 01.06.2022 "For the Approval of the Intersectoral Strategy Digital Agenda of Albania and the Action Plan 2022-2026"E-Government Survey 2022.”.</em> Retrieved from: https://akshi.gov.al/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/vendim-2022-06-01-370.pdf</p>
<p><em>Employment Agency of the Republic of North Macedonia </em>. (2022). Retrieved from https://av.gov.mk: https://av.gov.mk/nastani-ns_article-edna-tocka-za-uslugi.nspx</p>
<p>European Commission (2022). <em>Directive on measures for a high common level of cybersecurity across the Union (NIS2 Directive),.</em> Brussels: European Commission . Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2022/2555</p>
<p>European Commission (2023). <em>Albania 2023 Report: 2023 Communication on EU Enlargement Policy.</em> Brussels: European Commission. Retrieved from: https://neighbourhood-enlargement.ec.europa.eu/albania-report-2023_en</p>
<p>European Parliament and European Council. (2016). <em>Directive (EU) 2016/2102 on the Accessibility of the Websites and Mobile Applications of Public Sector Bodies.</em> Brussels: Retrieved from: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2016/2102/oj .</p>
<p><em>Government of Türkiye</em>. (2023, January 19). Retrieved from https://www.Türkiye.gov.tr: https://www.Türkiye.gov.tr/bilgilendirme?konu=siteHakkinda</p>
<p><em>Kanal 5</em>. (2023, March 19). Retrieved from https://kanal5.com.mk: https://kanal5.com.mk/dve-tretini-od-gragjanite-nikogash-ne-koristele-administrativna-onlajn-usluga/a573627</p>
<p>Kara-Kaşka, M. (2022, April 13). <em>BBC</em>. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com: https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-61092392</p>
<p>Keco, R., Tomorri, I., &amp; Tomorri, K. (2023). Quality Evaluation of E-Government Services – The Case of Albania. <em>Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences</em>, 20-33.</p>
<p>Keta, M., &amp; Ziu, K. (2020). The Importance of E-Governance in Furthering Albania’s Development and EU Enlargement Perspective. <em>Euro Economica, Issue 3(39), ISSN:1582-8859</em>, 171-179.</p>
<p><em>Metamorphosis</em>. (2022, April 26). Retrieved from https://metamorphosis.org.mk: https://metamorphosis.org.mk/aktivnosti_arhiva/aliti-nash-prioritet-e-reforma-na-administracijata-i-digitalizacija-na-uslugite-vo-rsm/</p>
<p><em>Ministry of Justice</em>. (2011, February 25). Retrieved from https://www.pravda.gov.mk: https://www.pravda.gov.mk/vest/335</p>
<p>Mojsovska, S. (2022). <em>Development Framework of the Republic North Macedonia.</em> Skopje: MKD2030. Retrieved from https://mkd2030.mk: https://mkd2030.mk/?page_id=398</p>
<p>OECD. (2023). <em>Digital Government Review of Türkiye Towards a Digitally-Enabled Government.</em> OECD Digital Government Series.</p>
<p>Pasha, D. (2022). <em>DCAF.</em> Retrieved from https://www.dcaf.ch/: https://www.dcaf.ch/sites/default/files/imce/ECA/D.Pasha-YoungFaces2022.pdf</p>
<p>Republic of Albania. (2014). E-Albania website portal. Retrieved from: <a href="https://e-albania.al/">https://e-albania.al/</a></p>
<p>Sear, M. J. (2024, March 14). <em>Linkedin.</em> Retrieved from www.linkedin.com: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/digital-albania-governments-progress-update-mohammad-j-sear-msh1f/</p>
<p>National Authority for Electronic Certification and Cyber Security. (2022). <em>Monitoring the "National Strategy for Cyber Security 2020-2025", National Authority for Electronic Certification and Cyber Security.</em> Tirana, Albania. Retrieved from: https://cesk.gov.al/strategjia-kombetare-per-sigurine-kibernetike/</p>
<p>National Authority for Electronic Certification and Cyber Security. (2023). <em>Law Nr.43/2023 “On Electronic Governance”.</em> Tirana, Albania: Ministry of Justice. Retrieved from: https://cesk.gov.al/strategjia-kombetare-per-sigurine-kibernetike/</p>
<p><em>State Department of Statistics</em>. (2023, November 10). Retrieved from https://www.stat.gov.mk: https://www.stat.gov.mk/PrikaziSoopstenie.aspx?rbrtxt=77</p>
<p>Şeker, A. U. (2023, September 28). <em>Anadolu Agency</em>. Retrieved from https://www.aa.com.tr: https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/ekonomi/Türkiyenin-e-devleti-cogu-avrupa-ulkesini-gecti/3002656</p>
<p>Turkish Statistical Institute. (2023, August 29). <em>Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu</em>. Retrieved from https://data.tuik.gov.tr: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Hanehalki-Bilisim-Teknolojileri-(BT)-Kullanim-Arastirmasi-2023-49407</p>
<p>United Nations. (2015). Retrieved from https://sdgs.un.org/: https://sdgs.un.org/goals</p>
<p>United Nations. (2022). <em>E-Government Survey 2022 - The Future of Digital Government.</em> New York: Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Retrieved from: https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/Reports/UN-E-Government-Survey-2022</p>
<p>United Nations. (2022). <em>UN Department for Economic and Social Affairs</em>. Retrieved from https://desapublications.un.org: https://desapublications.un.org/sites/default/files/publications/2022-09/Web%20version%20E-Government%202022.pdf</p>]]></references>
      <keywords>Digitalization in Public Administration, E-services, Cyber Security, Innovation in Public Services, E-government</keywords>
      <date>2024-04-10</date>
      <url>https://jlp.ibupress.com/articles/digitalization-in-public-administration-a-comparison-of-practices-in-albania-turkiye-and-north-macedonia</url>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <pages>23-49</pages>
      <language>en</language>
      <license>CC BY-NC-ND 4.0</license>
      <license_url>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</license_url>
      <pdf>https://jlp.ibupress.com/file/304/68.pdf</pdf>
      <authors>
        <author>
          <first_name>Entoni</first_name>
          <last_name>Miska</last_name>
          <affiliation>International Balkan University</affiliation>
          <corresponding>true</corresponding>
        </author>
        <author>
          <first_name>Omer Cem</first_name>
          <last_name>Ulutas</last_name>
          <affiliation>International Balkan University</affiliation>
          <orcid>https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3391-0517</orcid>
        </author>
        <author>
          <first_name>Gjorgji</first_name>
          <last_name>Ristov</last_name>
          <affiliation>International Balkan University</affiliation>
        </author>
      </authors>
      <journal>
        <title>Journal of Law And Politics</title>
        <issn>2671-342X</issn>
        <eissn>2671-3438</eissn>
        <publisher>Balkan University Press</publisher>
        <url>https://jlp.ibupress.com</url>
      </journal>
    </article>
    <article>
      <title>ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITY IN FORCE MAJEURE SITUATIONS THE CASE OF EARTHQUAKES</title>
      <slug>administrative-responsibility-in-force-majeure-situations-the-case-of-earthquakes</slug>
      <parent>
        <title>Volume 5, Issue 1</title>
      </parent>
      <post_type>
        <title>Research Article</title>
      </post_type>
      <year>2023</year>
      <volume>5</volume>
      <content><![CDATA[<p>Globally and throughout history, earthquakes have represented significant natural hazards that result in loss of life and property. After such disasters, administrative entities bear key responsibilities for protecting and preserving public welfare. Despite the absence of culpability on the part of the administration, their basic obligation remains to act in the best interest of the population, especially in unpredictable circumstances. This paper clarifies the concept of administrative responsibility and delineates measures to deal with events classified as <em>force majeure</em>. Furthermore, it delves into the administrative liability arising from contingencies, shedding light on the complex legal and practical dimensions of these phenomena. Through a comprehensive analysis, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of administrative duties in the wake of natural disasters, offering insights into effective governance and disaster management strategies.</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>]]></content>
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<p>Atay, E. E. (2012). <em>İdare Hukuku, 3. Baskı.</em> Ankara: Turhan Kitabevi.</p>
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<p>Černih, D., &amp; Čejkovska, V. (2015). Seismic Monitoring and Data Processing in Seismological Observatory in Skopje—Republic of Macedonia—Basis for a Complex Geophysical Monitori. In D. Černih, &amp; V. Čejkovska, <em>Nonlinear Mathematical Physics and Natural Hazards.</em></p>
<p><em>Code of Administrative Procedure, Official Gazette of North Macedonia, No. 124.</em> (2015, July 23). Retrieved from https://aa.mk/content/zakon_za_opstata_upravna_postapka.pdf</p>
<p>Davidkovski, V., &amp; Pavlovska-Daneva, A. (2020). <em>Administrative Law, Second Book (Procedure Law).</em> Skopje: National and University Library "St. Kliment Ohridski", Skopje.</p>
<p>Davitkovski, B., &amp; Pavlovska-Daneva, A. (2018). <em>Administrative Law.</em> Skopje: National and University Library "St. Kliment Ohridski", Skopje.</p>
<p>Denkova, J., Ananiev, J., &amp; Stojanovski, S. (2019, November 28). The responsibility of the administration and basic principles of administrative procedure. <em>Sixth International Scientific Conference, Social Changes in the Global World</em>, pp. 323-336.</p>
<p>Dimitrovski, R., &amp; Kekenovski, J. (2007). <em>Public Administration.</em> Skopje: Grafos Kumanovo.</p>
<p>Drogreshka, K., Najdovska, J., &amp; Chernih-Anastasovska, D. (2019). Seismic Zones and Seismicity of the Territory of the Republic of North Macedonia. <em>Knowledge International Journal Vol. 30.2</em>.</p>
<p>Dumurdzanov, N., Serafimovski, T., &amp; Clark Burchfiel, B. (2005). Cenozoic Tectonics of Macedonia and Its Relations to the South Balkan Extensional Regime. <em>Geosphere Vol. 1 No. 1</em>, pp. 1-22.</p>
<p>Düren, A. (1979). <em>İdare Hukuku Dersleri.</em> Ankara: Sevinç Matbaası.</p>
<p>Eren, F. (2014). <em>Borçlar Hukuku Genel Hükümler.</em> Ankara: Yetkin Yayınları.</p>
<p>Gözübüyük, A. P. (1957). <em>Mücbir Sebepler ve Beklenmeyen Haller.</em> Ankara: S Yayını.</p>
<p>Grozdanić, G., Cvetković, V. M., Lukić, T., &amp; Ivanov, A. (2024, March 19). Comparative Analysis and Prediction of Sustainable Development in Earthquake Preparedness: A Cross-Cultural Perspective on Montenegro,North Macedonia, and Serbia. <em>https://www.preprints.org/</em>, pp. 1-35.</p>
<p>Günday, M. (2013). <em>İdare Hukuku.</em> Ankara: İmaj Yayınları.</p>
<p>Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute. (2024, 03 24). <em>Kandilli Rasathanesi ve Deprem Araştırma Enstitüsü</em>. Retrieved from Kandilli Rasathanesi ve Deprem Araştırma Enstitüsü Web Site: http://www.koeri.boun.edu.tr/sismo/bilgi/depremnedir/index.htm</p>
<p>Kaplan, G. (2009). <em>İdari Yargıda Dava Açma Süreleri, Güncelleştirilmiş.</em> Ankara: Turhan Kitapevi.</p>
<p>Kocevski, G., &amp; Georgievska, E. (2019). <em>Анализа на Законот за бесплатна правна помош од 2019 година.</em> Скопје: Еuropean Union.</p>
<p><em>Law on Free Legal Aid, 08-2895/1.</em> (2019, May 16). Retrieved from https://www.pravda.gov.mk/upload/Documents/Zakon%20za%20besplatna%20pravna%20pomos.pdf</p>
<p>Lazo, P. (2006). Airport Conditions in Macedonia: Seismic Risks. <em>In Geomagnetics for Aeronautical Safety: A Case Study in and around the Balkans</em>, pp. 271-279.</p>
<p><em>Makedonski.gov.mk</em>. (2024). Retrieved from https://makedonski.gov.mk/: https://makedonski.gov.mk/corpus/s?q=%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%98%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81</p>
<p>Onar, S. S. (1966). <em>İdare Hukukunun Umumi Esasları, Cilt III.</em> İstanbul: Akgün Matbaası.</p>
<p>Pekevski, L. (2006). Airport Conditions in Macedonia: Seismic Risks. <em>Geomagnetics for Aeronautical Safety: A Case Study in and around the Balkans</em>, pp. 271-279.</p>
<p><em>Public Servants Law, Official Gazette of North Macedonia no. 27/14, 199/14, 48/15, 154/15, 5/16, 142/16, 11/18, 275/2019, 14/20,215/21 and 99/22.</em> (2019). Retrieved from https://www.aa.mk/content/pdf/Drugi%20dokumenti/ZAS/zakoni/zakon_za_administrativni_sluzhbenici_2020.pdf</p>
<p>Timovska, L. (1992). A Note on Attenuation of Eartquake Intensity in Macedonia. <em>Soil Dynamics and Eartquake Engineering Vol. 11</em>, pp. 457-463.</p>
<p><em>Turkish Language Association</em>. (2024, 03 21). Retrieved from Türk Dil Kurum Website: https://sozluk.gov.tr/</p>
<p>Turkish Ministry of the Interior Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency. (2024, 03 21). <em>T.C. Başbakanlık Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı Deprem Dairesi Başkanlığı</em>. Retrieved from T.C. Başbakanlık Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı Deprem Dairesi Başkanlığı Websitesi: https://www.afad.gov.tr/kurumlar/afad.gov.tr/39500/xfiles/deprem_nedir.pdf</p>
<p> </p>]]></references>
      <keywords>Responsibility, Force Majeure, Administration, Earthquake, Public</keywords>
      <date>2024-04-10</date>
      <url>https://jlp.ibupress.com/articles/administrative-responsibility-in-force-majeure-situations-the-case-of-earthquakes</url>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <pages>50-63</pages>
      <language>en</language>
      <license>CC BY-NC-ND 4.0</license>
      <license_url>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</license_url>
      <pdf>https://jlp.ibupress.com/file/303/66.pdf</pdf>
      <authors>
        <author>
          <first_name>Ali Suat</first_name>
          <last_name>Pişkin</last_name>
          <corresponding>true</corresponding>
        </author>
      </authors>
      <journal>
        <title>Journal of Law And Politics</title>
        <issn>2671-342X</issn>
        <eissn>2671-3438</eissn>
        <publisher>Balkan University Press</publisher>
        <url>https://jlp.ibupress.com</url>
      </journal>
    </article>
    <article>
      <title>A LEGAL OVERVIEW OF MEDIATION PROCEDURES IN FORMER YUGOSLAVIAN COUNTRIES (R. CROATIA, R. SLOVENIA, AND R. SERBIA)</title>
      <slug>a-legal-overview-of-mediation-procedures-in-former-yugoslavian-countries-r-croatia-r-slovenia-and-r-serbia</slug>
      <parent>
        <title>Volume 5, Issue 1</title>
      </parent>
      <post_type>
        <title>Research Article</title>
      </post_type>
      <year>2023</year>
      <volume>5</volume>
      <content><![CDATA[<p>Mediation is a mechanism known for its efficiency, economy, and flexibility, characteristics that enable the constructive resolution of a dispute between parties. This method offers an extended range of contributions, especially regarding its influence on the state itself and on that state’s citizens. The successful practice of legal mediation seen in different states, starting from the USA, known for resolving 90% of its civil cases through this extrajudicial method. Afterward, the rest of the world began introducing this legal tool into their national legislations. Establishing mediation in countries’ legal systems are also been conditioned by the need to make a country’s laws and legal standards compatible and in harmony with those of the European Union. This, in addition to the goals desired to achieve with this action, namely reducing the number of unresolved cases in court, reducing procedural costs and duration, and increasing the quality of dispute resolution and parties’ involvement in the dispute resolution process, resulted in judicial involvement regarding contemporary reforms and in particular increasing citizens’ trust in the judiciary. This process started at the same time for a considerable number of Balkan states, whose main aim was integration and membership in the European Union. The paper will focus on a legal analysis of the mediation procedure through the method of content analysis for the laws of a selected number of states in the region (i.e., Republic of Croatia, Republic of Slovenia, Republic of Serbia), as well on finding the similarities and differences for several elements of this procedure in these states compared to those in the Republic of North Macedonia.</p>
<p> </p>]]></content>
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      <keywords>Mediation, Alternative Dispute Resolution Methods, Mediation in Croatia, Mediation in Slovenia, Mediation in Serbia, Mediation in Balkan States</keywords>
      <date>2024-04-10</date>
      <url>https://jlp.ibupress.com/articles/a-legal-overview-of-mediation-procedures-in-former-yugoslavian-countries-r-croatia-r-slovenia-and-r-serbia</url>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <pages>64-86</pages>
      <language>en</language>
      <license>CC BY-NC-ND 4.0</license>
      <license_url>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</license_url>
      <pdf>https://jlp.ibupress.com/file/302/67.pdf</pdf>
      <authors>
        <author>
          <first_name>Fjolla</first_name>
          <last_name>Kaprolli</last_name>
          <affiliation>International Balkan University</affiliation>
          <corresponding>true</corresponding>
        </author>
      </authors>
      <journal>
        <title>Journal of Law And Politics</title>
        <issn>2671-342X</issn>
        <eissn>2671-3438</eissn>
        <publisher>Balkan University Press</publisher>
        <url>https://jlp.ibupress.com</url>
      </journal>
    </article>
  </articles>
</issue>