Volume 5, Issue 2

JEWISH FUNDAMENTALISM AND EXTREMISM - THE CASE OF GUSH EMUNIM jewish-fundamentalism-and-extremism-the-case-of-gush-emunim Volume 5, Issue 2 Research Article 2024 5 This paper explores the complex landscape of religious fundamentalism and extremism within Israeli society, with a particular focus on the Religious Zionist faction known as Gush Emunim. It delves into the group’s formation, ideology, and actions, specifically examining their underground branch, the Makhteret, responsible for executing acts of symbolic terrorism in Israel. The study aims to shed light on the motivations, religious assurances, and perceived threats that compel these religious groups to resort to violence. By analyzing the broader societal and religious divides within Israel, including the significant cleavages between secular and non-secular Jews, the research offers a nuanced view of how religious identity, political ambition, and the pursuit of biblical lands contribute to fundamentalist and extremist behavior. The ultimate goal of such movements, as highlighted, is the expansion of Israeli territory to its biblical borders and the rebuilding of the Temple in Jerusalem, seen as essential for the Messiah’s arrival. This paper contributes to the understanding of religious extremism’s impacts on Israeli politics, society, and interfaith relations, emphasizing the role of religious conviction in driving some of the most profound conflicts in the region.

]]> Almond, A.G., Appleby R.S. & Sivan E. (2003). Strong Religion. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.

Gideon, A. & Hassner, E.R. (2013). Religious Violence in Judaism: Past and Present. Terrorism and Political Violence, 25, 355-405.

Burns, J.P. (1996). War and its discontents: pacifism and quietism in the Abrahamic traditions. Washington: Georgetown University Press.

English, R. (2016). Does Terrorism Work? A History. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Friedman, R.I. (1986). Inside the Jewish Terrorist Underground. Journal of Palestine Studies, 15, 2, 190-201.

Gal-or, N. (2004). Tolerating Terrorism in the West: An International Survey. Oxfordshire: Routledge.

Gurski, P. (2020). When Religion Kills: How Extremists Justify Violence Through Faith. Boulder London: Lynne Rienner Publishers.

Halabi, S., et. al. (2020). Threatened, hence justified: Jewish Israelis’ use of competitive victimhood to justify violence against Palestinians, Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 24, 2, 244-251.

Juergensmeyer, M. (2020). God at War: A Meditation on Religion and Warfare. New York: Oxford University Press.

Juergensmeyer, M. (2017). Terror in the Mind of God: The Global Rise of Religious Violence (4th edition) Oakland, California: University of California Press.

Kalimi ,I. & Haas, J. P. (2006). Biblical interpretation in Judaism and Christianity. London & New York: Continuum International Publishing Group.

Micah, 4:2-5.

Norman, M. Terrorism in Israel/Palestine. In: English, R. (ed.) (2021). Historical Case Studies in Terrorism – part III (149-172). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Pedahzur, A. & Perliger, A. (2009). Jewish Terrorism in Israel. New York: Columbia University Press.

Perliger, A. Comparative Framework for Understanding Jewish and Christian Violent Fundamentalism (137-152). Esposito, J.L. (ed.) (2016). Reprinted from Religions. Basel, Beijing, Wuhan: MDPI. (Religions (2015)., 6, 3, 1033-1047.)

Post, J. M. (1988). Fundamentalism and the justification of terrorist violence. Terrorism, 11, 5, 369-371.

Solomon, N. (2005). Judaism and the ethics of war. International review of the Red Cross, 87, 858, 295-309.

Sprinzak, E. (1987). From messianic pioneering to vigilante terrorism: The case of the Gush Emunim underground. Journal of Strategic Studies, 10, 4, 194-216.

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]]> Makhteret, Jewish Underground, Religious Zionists, Israel, fundamentalism, extremism 2024-10-29 https://jlp.ibupress.com/articles/jewish-fundamentalism-and-extremism-the-case-of-gush-emunim 2 1-12 10.69648/QKKV6962 en CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://jlp.ibupress.com/file/298/69-pdf.pdf Čedomir Božić University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia true Journal of Law And Politics 2671-342X 2671-3438 Balkan University Press https://jlp.ibupress.com

THE RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT AND NON-STATE ACTORS: ADDRESSING TERRORISM AND SOVEREIGNTY CHALLENGES IN VENEZUELA the-responsibility-to-protect-and-non-state-actors-addressing-terrorism-and-sovereignty-challenges-in-venezuela Volume 5, Issue 2 Research Article 2024 5 The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) was created to address the global failure to prevent atrocities such as genocide, war crimes, and ethnic cleansing. However, with the rise of non-state actors like terrorist organ izations, the framework faces new challenges. This article explores the complications that non-state actors present to R2P’s implementation. It argues that while R2P was initially state-centered, non-state actors often transcend borders and evade international norms, complicating efforts to hold them accountable. Through a case study of Venezuela, this research highlights how terrorism, transnational criminal networks, and other non-state groups complicate the application of R2P. For R2P to remain relevant in today’s global landscape, it must evolve. This evolution involves redefining sovereignty to account for non-state influence, strengthening international accountability mechanisms, and fostering regional cooperation to address the root causes of terrorism. Ultimately, the framework must adapt to modern threats to protect vulnerable populations effectively.

]]> Bellamy, J. (2011). Libya and the Responsibility to Protect: The Exception and the Norm. Ethics and International Affairs, 25(3), 263–269. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0892679411000219

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Bureau Of Counterterrorism. (2022, February). Country Reports on Terrorism 2021: Venezuela. United States Department of State.

Byman, D. (2020). Understanding, and misunderstanding, state sponsorship of terrorism. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 45(12), 1031–1049. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610x.2020.1738682

Collier, P. (2007). The Bottom Billion. Why the Poorest Countries are Failing and What Can be Done About it. In Oxford Martin School. Oxford University Press. https://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/publications/the-bottom-billion-why-the-poorest-countries-are-failing-and-what-can-be-done-about-it

Collier, P., & Hoeffler, A. (2004). Greed and Grievance in Civil War. Oxford Economic Papers, 56(4), 563–595. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3488799

Cronin, A. K. (2009). How Terrorism Ends: Understanding the Decline and Demise of Terrorist Campaigns. In Princeton University Press. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt7rjbs

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Evans, G. (2009). The responsibility to protect: Ending mass atrocity crimes once and for all. Irish Studies in International Affairs, 20, 7–13. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25735145

Hehir, A. (2013). The permanence of inconsistency: Libya, the Security Council, and the responsibility to protect on JSTOR. International Security, 38(1), 137–159. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24480572

Hoffman, B. (2006). Inside Terrorism (REV-Revised, 2). Columbia University Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7312/hoff12698

ICISS. (2001). The responsibility to protect: Report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty. In IDRC - International Development Research Centre. International Development Research Centre. https://www.idrc.ca/en/book/responsibility-protect-report-international-commission-intervention-and-state-sovereignty

Jackson, R., & Dexter, H. (2014). The Social Construction of Organised Political Violence: an analytical framework. Civil Wars, 16(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/13698249.2014.904982

Kaldor, M. (2013). New and Old Wars: Organized Violence in a Global Era (3rd ed.). Polity Press. https://dl1.cuni.cz/pluginfile.php/654678/mod_resource/content/1/kaldor%20-%20old%20and%20new%20wars.pdf

Marthinsen, G. (2018). ISIS: A History By Fawaz A. Gerges. In American Journal of Islam and Society (Vol. 35, Issue 2, pp. 85–88). Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v35i2.833

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]]> Responsibility to Protect, non-state actor, terrorism, state-sponsored terrorism, state sovereignty 2024-10-29 https://jlp.ibupress.com/articles/the-responsibility-to-protect-and-non-state-actors-addressing-terrorism-and-sovereignty-challenges-in-venezuela 2 13-24 10.69648/AOQP2218 en CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://jlp.ibupress.com/file/297/70-pdf.pdf Claris Monica Diaz Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland true Journal of Law And Politics 2671-342X 2671-3438 Balkan University Press https://jlp.ibupress.com

MOTIVATION ACROSS TERRORISM: IDEOLOGICAL, STRATEGIC AND TACTICAL OBJECTIVES OF TERRORIST ATTACKS motivation-across-terrorism-ideological-strategic-and-tactical-objectives-of-terrorist-attacks Volume 5, Issue 2 Research Article 2024 5 In the modern world, terrorism is manifested as the biggest security threat faced by the international community, and terrorist acts cause the loss of hundreds of thousands of lives, displaced millions of civilians, and devastating destruction of property and infrastructure. This problem dominates national and international discourses about peace and security, with individual countries, as well as the global community, taking extensive measures to suppress it. It is evident that dealing with terrorism remains a big challenge, mostly because of how it is legally defined. Unlike genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and mass crimes, terrorism is not considered an international crime under international law. The lack of inclusion of terrorism in international law mainly arises from the lack of consensus on what constitutes terrorism. In an effort to determine the essence and basic structural features of the modern form of terrorism, this paper first analyzes the definition of the term and the forms of man ifestation of terrorism. By identifying its characteristics and objectives, the paper proceeds in a critical assessment of the modalities of interstate cooperation in criminal matters and offers several recommendations on how to overcome the so far neutral position in the treatment of terrorism as an international crime. The results of the “war against terrorism” so far, as well as the consequences of the exceptional application of repression and the support of the principle of non-negotiation with terrorists, are such that they require a critical review. It is vital today that terrorism be treated as an international crime and incorporated under the jurisdiction of the ICC. This paper highlights the weaknesses of the effectiveness of the international system in the fight against transnational terrorism. The purpose of the paper is to serve as a recommendation for finding means and methods for preventing the occurrence of the crime of terrorism and its suppression at the international level.

]]> Cassese, A. (2001). Terrorism is Also Disrupting Some Crucial Legal Categories of International Law. EJIL Vol 12 No 5, 993.

Cassese, A. (2006). The Multifaceted Criminal Notion of Terrorism in International Law. Journal of International Criminal Justice 4, 933 – 938.

Cherif Bassiouni, M. ( 2001). The Face of Terror.

Cherif Bassiouni, M. (2002). Legal control of international terrorism: a policy-oriented assessment. Harvard International Law Journal 43 no.1 , 88.

Cherif Bassiouni, M. (2002). Legal control of international terrorism: a policy-oriented assessment. Harvard International Law Journal 43 no.1 , 85-86.

Cohen, A. (2012). Prosecuting Terrorist at the International Criminal Court: Reevalutaing an Unused Legal Tool to Combat Terrorism. Michigan State Internationa Law Rewiew 20 No.2 , 233.

Dinstein, Y. (1989). Terrorism as an International Crime In: Israel Yearbook on Human Rights, Volume 19. Harvard International Law Journal 43 no.1, 55.

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Ibish, E. (2018). Cybercrime (Computer Crime) as a Contemporary Type of Crime in the 21st Century. Digital revolution in the cultural and social processes, 377.

Ibish, E., & Miovska, L. B. (2020). Dynamics of Crime Among Adults In Republic of North Macedonia With Special Reference to Crimes Against the State and the Armed Forces in the Period 2013-2017. Idea International Journal of Science and Arts,Vol.4, No.7,, 64.

Lawless, M. (2008). Terrorism: An international crime? Canadian Military Journal Vol. 9, No.2.

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]]> Terrorism, security, crime, international crime, international law, prevention 2024-10-29 https://jlp.ibupress.com/articles/motivation-across-terrorism-ideological-strategic-and-tactical-objectives-of-terrorist-attacks 2 25-39 10.69648/GPMK5036 en CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://jlp.ibupress.com/file/296/71-pdf.pdf Ebru Ibish International Balkan University, Skopje, North Macedonia true Seval Bahtiyar Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia Journal of Law And Politics 2671-342X 2671-3438 Balkan University Press https://jlp.ibupress.com

CONSTRUCTIVISM AND EURO-ATLANTIC INTEGRATION PERSPECTIVES: THE CASE OF MONTENEGRO’S ACCESSION TO NATO AND THE EU constructivism-and-euro-atlantic-integration-perspectives-the-case-of-montenegro-s-accession-to-nato-and-the-eu Volume 5, Issue 2 Research Article 2024 5 This article analyses the process of Montenegro’s integration into NATO and the European Union (EU) from a constructivist perspective. Constructivism, in the field of International Relations, describes that international actors are not only guided by material interests, such as security and power but are also influenced by the norms, values, and identities they share. From this approach, the identity of a state is not fixed but is constructed and transformed through interaction with other actors and the adoption of new norms. Montenegro, in seeking to align itself with Western institutions, not only pursues strategic benefits but also seeks to redefine its national identity as a democratic and modern state. A key concept in this context is normative socialization, which refers to the process by which a state internalizes the norms and principles of an international community. Through normative socialization, Montenegro has adopted reforms that reflect Euro-Atlantic values, such as democratic governance, strengthening the rule of law, and civilian control over the armed forces. However, this process has not been without challeng es. Nevertheless, Montenegro has used integration to project a new pro-Western identity and consolidate its internal stability. The article concludes that the case of Montenegro illustrates how international organizations can act as agents of socialization, influencing the identity and political transformation of a candidate state in its accession process.

]]> Baccini F. (2024, January 30). 28th member by 2028. Montenegro’s goal for European Union membership. EUNews, https://www.eunews.it/en/2024/01/30/28th-member-by-2028-montenegros-goal-for-european-union-membership/

Bechev, Dimitar (2024). Montenegro’s Window of Opportunity. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, https://carnegieendowment.org/europe/strategic-europe/2024/03/montenegros-window-of-opportunity?lang=en

Bellamy, D. (2023, June 17) Montenegro quiere unirse a la UE, pero "hay que hacer algo". Euronews. https://www.euronews.com/2023/06/17/montenegro-wants-to-join-the-eu-but-something-needs-to-be-done

Dickson J., Harding E. (2024, February 13). Russia Aims at Montenegro. Center for Strategic and International Studies, https://www.csis.org/analysis/russia-aims-montenegro

European Commission. (2024, March 27) Montenegro: Political Social and Economic background and trends”, https://eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-education-systems/montenegro/historical-development

European Economic and Social Committee. (2024, March 16) The EU-Montenegro Joint Consultative Committee: Montenegro is advancing in the EU accession path. https://www.eesc.europa.eu/en/news-media/press-releases/eu-montenegro-joint-consultative-committee-montenegro-advancing-eu-accession-path

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Finnemore, M., & Sikkink, K. (2001). Taking Stock: The Constructivist Research Program in International Relations and Comparative Politics. Annual Review of Political Science, 4(1), 391-416, https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/263229/17/Finnemore.pdf pp.392-393

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Jiménez, Rosa. (2024, January 30). La UE pide a Montenegro más esfuerzo en Estado de derecho para liderar proceso de adhesión. EuroEFE: https://euroefe.euractiv.es/section/ampliacion/news/la-ue-pide-a-montenegro-mas-esfuerzo-en-estado-de-derecho-para-liderar-proceso-de-adhesion/

Islamov, D. (2022). European Integration as a Factor in the Process of the Montenegrin State-Building. Izvestiya of Saratov University, History and International Relations, 22(4), 515-521

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Nič, M., Bechev, D., Maillard, S., Nechev, Z., Seebass, F., Zweers, W., Gjoni, I. (2024). Montenegro's EU Push: Imminent Opportunities and Challenges. Berlin: Forschungsinstitut der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Auswärtige Politik e.V.. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-93803-7

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Poláčková Z., Van Pieter, D. (2013). Montenegro Old and New: History, Politics, Culture, and the People. Studia Politica Slovaca, Časopis Pre Politické Vedy, Najnovšie Politické Dejiny a Medzinárodné Vzťahy, 6-1, 60-82, https://www.sav.sk/journals/uploads/04241525SPS_1_2013_Z%20Polackova_P%20van%20Duin.pdf

Reality Shock, “El constructivismo en Relaciones Internacionales, en 1.000 palabras”, https://larealidadsuperaalaficcion.wordpress.com/2016/07/04/el-constructivismo-en-relaciones-internacionales-en-1-000-palabras/

Sánchez, Leandro Enrique, ¿De qué se habla cuando se habla de Constructivismo?: Revisión de sus clasificaciones y categorias? Revista de relaciones internacionales de la UNAM (114), 107-129. Available in: http://www.memoria.fahce.unlp.edu.ar/art_revistas/pr.10017/pr.10017.pdf p.118

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]]> Western Balkans, Constructivism, Balkan Stability, Euro-Atlantic Integration, Montenegro, NATO, Montenegro-European Union Accession, Normative Socialization 2024-10-29 https://jlp.ibupress.com/articles/constructivism-and-euro-atlantic-integration-perspectives-the-case-of-montenegro-s-accession-to-nato-and-the-eu 2 41-56 10.69648/FAPM7158 en CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://jlp.ibupress.com/file/299/72-pdf.pdf Gabriel Enrique Sanchez Ramirez Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye true Journal of Law And Politics 2671-342X 2671-3438 Balkan University Press https://jlp.ibupress.com

MONEY LAUNDERING AND OTHER FORMS OF FINANCIAL CRIME money-laundering-and-other-forms-of-financial-crime Volume 5, Issue 2 Research Article 2024 5 Financial crime has had a huge growth in the last 30 years. It has a negative dynamic phenomenon that is present all over the world, while having an impact on all spheres in countries. All these points to the fact that financial crime is very unpredictable, with the main goal being to gain as much power or profit as possible based on the illegal methods and approaches that are being applied. Financial crime can be committed by companies, organized crime groups or individuals. Citizens, companies, government structures and, in extreme cases, entire national economies can be victims of this criminality. There are several reasons for the increase in financial crime, the first of which is the low prison sentences for the perpetrators, then the impossibility of proving the acts, but also their insufficient regulation of protection and control measures by the state. Bearing in mind the danger of this trend of growth of this type of crime, there is a clear need for states to stand in the way of the development of financial crime. In this paper a wide literature has been used relevant for the topic.

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]]> Financial crime, tax evasion, money laundering, organized crime, business 2024-10-29 https://jlp.ibupress.com/articles/money-laundering-and-other-forms-of-financial-crime 2 57-78 10.69648/JJDU2862 en CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://jlp.ibupress.com/file/295/73-pdf.pdf Kristina Milanovic International Balkan University, Skopje, North Macedonia true Journal of Law And Politics 2671-342X 2671-3438 Balkan University Press https://jlp.ibupress.com

WOMEN, PEACE, AND SECURITY: AN ASSESSMENT OF UN SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION 1325 IMPLEMENTATION POLICIES IN DIFFERENT PEACEBUILDING CONTEXTS women-peace-and-security-an-assessment-of-un-security-council-resolution-1325-implementation-policies-in-different-peacebuilding-contexts Volume 5, Issue 2 Research Article 2024 5 This article examines the impact of policies inspired by UNSCR 1325 on women’s participation in peace and security processes in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Colombia, and the Philippines. Through a comparative analysis, the study identifies common challenges such as structural barriers, cultural resistance, and inconsistent policy implementation. Despite progress in formal inclusion, the practical influence of women remains limited. The findings highlight the need for stronger institu tional support, sustained funding, and cultural change to fully realize the transformative potential of gender-inclusive peacebuilding.

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Georgetown Institute for Women, Peace, and Security. (n.d.). The Philippine National Action Plan on UNSCRs 1325 & 1820 (2010-2016). Retrieved from https://giwps.georgetown.edu/resource/the-philippine-national-action-plan-on-unscrs-1325-1820-2010-2016/

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]]> Gender mainstreaming, gender-based violence, institutional challenges, post-conflict settings, women’s empowerment 2024-10-29 https://jlp.ibupress.com/articles/women-peace-and-security-an-assessment-of-un-security-council-resolution-1325-implementation-policies-in-different-peacebuilding-contexts 2 79-96 10.69648/XGTA5932 en CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://jlp.ibupress.com/file/294/74-pdf.pdf Mariana González Mejía United Nations Institute for Training and Research & Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom true Journal of Law And Politics 2671-342X 2671-3438 Balkan University Press https://jlp.ibupress.com

EUROPEAN UNITY AND SECURITY: FROM POST-WAR INTEGRATION TO MODERN CHALLENGES IN DEFENSE AND GOVERNANCE european-unity-and-security-from-post-war-integration-to-modern-challenges-in-defense-and-governance Volume 5, Issue 2 Research Article 2024 5 This article examines the historical evolution of European unity and traces the development of the European Union from the aftermath of the Second World War to the present day. Divided into six phases, it highlights the key political, economic, and institutional milestones that have shaped the EU’s path. The study begins with the establishment of the European Coal and Steel Community and the formation of the European Economic Community and EURATOM. It examines the challenges of the Cold War era, the influence of key treaties on the deepening of integration, and the expansion of EU competencies. The analysis also covers the post-Lisbon period and looks at issues such as the Eurozone crisis, the migration crisis, Brexit, and the EU’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic. It also discusses the adoption of the AI Act in 2024, progress on cybersecurity through the NIS2 Directive, and the increasing recognition of the need for a common defense strategy to ensure the security and stability of the Union. These developments underline the continued need for reforms to strengthen democratic legitimacy, cohesion, and collective security within the Union. It concludes that while the EU has made significant progress towards becoming a true political community, it must continue to adapt and evolve to address its democratic shortcomings and better meet the diverse needs of its member states and citizens. Through strategic reform, enhanced defense cooperation, and a renewed commitment to its founding principles, the EU can strengthen its unity and manage the complexities of the modern age.

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]]> European Integration, European Union History, Institutional Development, Post-War Europe, European Treaties, AI Act, Cybersecurity, Common Defense 2024-10-29 https://jlp.ibupress.com/articles/european-unity-and-security-from-post-war-integration-to-modern-challenges-in-defense-and-governance 2 97-113 10.69648/XPCE7824 en CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://jlp.ibupress.com/file/293/75-pdf.pdf Teodora Tea Ristevska University of Ljubljana true Journal of Law And Politics 2671-342X 2671-3438 Balkan University Press https://jlp.ibupress.com

THE CONCEPT OF MEDIA-SELF REGULATION AS GOALKEEPER OF FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY the-concept-of-media-self-regulation-as-goalkeeper-of-freedom-of-expression-in-contemporary-society Volume 5, Issue 2 Research Article 2024 5 The global landscape has changed. Beyond traditional actors of global politics - the states, we are now facing the fact that even a tiny piece of information on one side of the globe can seriously shake traditional structures of power. Traditional media outlets, once dominated by the official press, now coexist alongside citizen journalists, independent bloggers, and online-only news websites. In the digital age, the definition of a journalist become fluid. An enabling legal and regulatory environment is essential for guaranteeing freedom of expression and, in particular, media freedom. That is why the concept of media self-regulation has become even more popular than before; thus, however, there is an on going debate on whether it is enough and how it shall be modified and adapted to the new digital realm.

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Fielden, L. (2012) Regulating the Press: A Comparative Study of International Press Councils Reuters Institute for Study on Journalism, available at https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2017-11/Regulating%20the%20Press.pdf

Finkelstein, R., Tiffen, R. (2015) When does press self-regulation work?, available at https://law.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/1587024/383FinkelsteinandTiffen2.pdf

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United Nations Office on Drug and Crime (UNODC) (2018) Knowledge tools for academics and professionals, Module Series on Integrity and Ethics https://www.unodc.org/e4j/en/integrity-ethics/module-10/key-issues.html

]]> Media, self-regulation, freedom, international, law 2024-10-29 https://jlp.ibupress.com/articles/the-concept-of-media-self-regulation-as-goalkeeper-of-freedom-of-expression-in-contemporary-society 2 115-126 10.69648/PPLA6887 en CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://jlp.ibupress.com/file/292/76-pdf.pdf Vesna Poposka Military Academy General Mihailo Apostolski, Skopje, North Macedonia & University Goce Delchev, Shtip, North Macedonia true Journal of Law And Politics 2671-342X 2671-3438 Balkan University Press https://jlp.ibupress.com