Abstract
This article examines the impact of policies inspired by UNSCR 1325 on women’s participation in peace and security processes in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Colombia, and the Philippines. Through a comparative analysis, the study identifies common challenges such as structural barriers, cultural resistance, and inconsistent policy implementation. Despite progress in formal inclusion, the practical influence of women remains limited. The findings highlight the need for stronger institu tional support, sustained funding, and cultural change to fully realize the transformative potential of gender-inclusive peacebuilding.
Keywords
References
- Alano, L., & Tigno, J. (2023). Cultural Barriers to Gender Integration in the Philippines.
- ARS BiH. (n.d.). National Action Plan on UNSCR 1325. Retrieved from https://arsbih.gov.ba/document/national-action-plan-1325-bih/ARS BiH. (n.d.). Report on the Implementation of Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Retrieved from https://arsbih.gov.ba/project/report-on-the-implementation-of-security-council-resolution-1325-on-women-peace-and-security-in-bosnia-and-herzegovina/Asian Development Bank. (2020). Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment in Local Governance in the Philippines. Retrieved from https://www.adb.org/publications/gender-equality-philippines
- Bailliet, C. M. (2021). The Gender Politics of Post-Conflict Reconstruction in Bosnia.
- Björkdahl, A., & Selimovic, J. M. (2019). Gendering the Post-Conflict Reconstruction Process in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
- Cancillería de Colombia. (2023). Colombia’s Advances on Women, Peace, and Security. Retrieved from https://www.cancilleria.gov.co/newsroom/news/primera-vez-colombia-presenta-avances-agenda-mujeres-paz-seguridad-resolucion-1325
- Colombian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2023). Women’s Participation in Colombian Peace Processes: Challenges and Achievements. Retrieved from https://www.cancilleria.gov.co/newsroom/news/primera-vez-colombia-presenta-avances-agenda-mujeres-paz-seguridad-resolucion-1325
- European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE). (2021). Sustainability Challenges in Gender Policies: Lessons from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Retrieved from https://eige.europa.eu/publications/sustainability-gender-policies-bosnia
- Georgetown Institute for Women, Peace, and Security. (n.d.). The Philippine National Action Plan on UNSCRs 1325 & 1820 (2010-2016). Retrieved from https://giwps.georgetown.edu/resource/the-philippine-national-action-plan-on-unscrs-1325-1820-2010-2016/International Crisis Group. (2021). Colombia’s Peace Process and the Challenge of Armed Groups. Retrieved from https://www.crisisgroup.org/latin-america-caribbean/andes/colombia
- Kapur, B. (2020). Institutional Resistance and Gender Norms in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
- Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies. (2023). Gender Equality and the Colombian Peace Accord: Progress and Challenges. Retrieved from https://peaceaccords.nd.edu/resources/gender-equality-colombia
- Magno, F., & Bautista, L. (2022). Conflict Dynamics and Peace Efforts in Mindanao, Philippines.
- NATO. (2011). NATO Secretary General’s Report on Implementing UNSCR 1325 on Women, Peace and Security. Retrieved from https://www.nato.int
- NATO PA. (2021). UNSCR 1325 at 20: Achievements and Remaining Challenges in Implementing the Women, Peace and Security Agenda. Retrieved from https://www.nato-pa.int
- NATO Review. (2021). The Resilience of Resolution 1325. Retrieved from https://www.nato.int
- Nuckhir, G., & Sow, N. (2020). Twenty Years of Implementing UNSCR 1325 and the Women, Peace and Security Agenda: Lessons from the Field. International Alert. Retrieved from https://giwps.georgetown.edu/resource/twenty-years-of-implementing-unscr-1325-and-the-women-peace-and-security-agenda/
- Ormhaug, C. (2014). OSCE Study on National Action Plans on the Implementation of UNSCR 1325. Vienna: Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe Secretariat. Retrieved from https://giwps.georgetown.edu
- OSCE. (2020). Gender and Peacebuilding in Bosnia: An Evaluation of UNSCR 1325 Implementation. Retrieved from https://www.osce.org/mission-to-bosnia-and-herzegovina/469620
- PeaceGov. (2023). Philippines’ 4th Gen Action Plan on Women, Peace, and Security Launched. Retrieved from https://peace.gov.ph/2023/12/philippines-4th-gen-action-plan-on-women-peace-and-security-launched/
- Restrepo, J., & Moser, C. (2021). Violence, Displacement, and Peacebuilding in Colombia.
- United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). (2022). Evaluating the Effectiveness of Gender Policies in the Philippines: A Focus on Sustainability. Retrieved from https://www.undp.org/publications/gender-policy-effectiveness-philippines
- United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women. (2015). A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325. Retrieved from https://giwps.georgetown.edu/resource/a-global-study-on-the-implementation-of-united-nations-security-council-resolution-1325/UN Women. (2021). 20th Anniversary of Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Retrieved from https://eca.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/Field%20Office%20ECA/Attachments/Publications/2021/2/20th%20anniversary%20of%20Resolution%201325%20on%20WPS%20in%20BiH-min.pdf
- UN Women. (2022). Socio-Economic Barriers to Women's Participation in Peace Processes in Colombia.
- UN Women Colombia. (2023). National Action Plan on UNSCR 1325: Recognizing Women’s Contributions to Peacebuilding. Retrieved from https://colombia.unwomen.org/es/stories/noticia/2023/03/el-plan-de-accion-nacional-de-la-resolucion-1325-partira-del-reconocimiento-de-los-saberes-de-las-mujeres-en-la-construccion-de-paz
Comments
No comments yet. Questions and remarks about the article are welcome.