MOTIVATION ACROSS TERRORISM: IDEOLOGICAL, STRATEGIC AND TACTICAL OBJECTIVES OF TERRORIST ATTACKS

Ibish, Ebru; Bahtiyar, Seval

doi:10.69648/GPMK5036

Abstract

In the modern world, terrorism is manifested as the biggest security threat faced by the international community, and terrorist acts cause the loss of hundreds of thousands of lives, displaced millions of civilians, and devastating destruction of property and infrastructure. This problem dominates national and international discourses about peace and security, with individual countries, as well as the global community, taking extensive measures to suppress it. It is evident that dealing with terrorism remains a big challenge, mostly because of how it is legally defined. Unlike genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and mass crimes, terrorism is not considered an international crime under international law. The lack of inclusion of terrorism in international law mainly arises from the lack of consensus on what constitutes terrorism. In an effort to determine the essence and basic structural features of the modern form of terrorism, this paper first analyzes the definition of the term and the forms of man ifestation of terrorism. By identifying its characteristics and objectives, the paper proceeds in a critical assessment of the modalities of interstate cooperation in criminal matters and offers several recommendations on how to overcome the so far neutral position in the treatment of terrorism as an international crime. The results of the “war against terrorism” so far, as well as the consequences of the exceptional application of repression and the support of the principle of non-negotiation with terrorists, are such that they require a critical review. It is vital today that terrorism be treated as an international crime and incorporated under the jurisdiction of the ICC. This paper highlights the weaknesses of the effectiveness of the international system in the fight against transnational terrorism. The purpose of the paper is to serve as a recommendation for finding means and methods for preventing the occurrence of the crime of terrorism and its suppression at the international level.

Keywords

References

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[1] Cassese, A. (2001). Terrorism is Also Disrupting Some Crucial Legal Categories of International Law. EJIL Vol 12 No 5 , 993.

[2] Cassese, A. (2006). The Multifaceted Criminal Notion of Terrorism in International Law. Journal of International Criminal Justice 4 , 933 – 938. https://doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mql074

[3] Cherif Bassiouni, M. ( 2001). The Face of Terror.

[4] Cherif Bassiouni, M. (2002). Legal control of international terrorism: a policy-oriented assessment. Harvard International Law Journal 43 no.1 , 88.

[5] Cherif Bassiouni, M. (2002). Legal control of international terrorism: a policy-oriented assessment. Harvard International Law Journal 43 no.1 , 85-86.

[6] Cohen, A. (2012). Prosecuting Terrorist at the International Criminal Court: Reevalutaing an Unused Legal Tool to Combat Terrorism. Michigan State Internationa Law Rewiew 20 No.2 , 233.

[7] Dinstein, Y. (1989). Terrorism as an International Crime In: Israel Yearbook on Human Rights, Volume 19. Harvard International Law Journal 43 no.1 , 55.

[8] Gambhir, H. (2015). Institute for the Study of War . From https://www.understandingwar.org: https://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/ISIS%20Global%20Strategy%20--%20A%20Wargame%20FINAL.pdf

[9] Ibish, E. (2018). Cybercrime (Computer Crime) as a Contemporary Type of Crime in the 21st Century. Digital revolution in the cultural and social processes , 377.

[10] Ibish, E., & Miovska, L. B. (2020). Dynamics of Crime Among Adults In Republic of North Macedonia With Special Reference to Crimes Against the State and the Armed Forces in the Period 2013-2017. Idea International Journal of Science and Arts,Vol.4, No.7, , 64.

[11] Lawless, M. (2008). Terrorism: An international crime? Canadian Military Journal Vol. 9, No.2 .

[12] Liedel K., P. P. (2008). Jak przetrwać w dobie zagrożeń terrorystycznych.

[13] Londras, d. (2010). Routledge handbook of international criminal law.

[14] Official Records of the Rome Conference, UN Diplomatic Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Establishment of an Int'l Criminal Court, 3d plen. mtg. at 172, 173, 180 UN Doc. A/CONF.183/13. (n.d.).

[15] Rizk, A. (2017). IS TERRORISM AN INTERNATIONAL CRIME? THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF THE ICC IN PROSECUTING TERRORISM. 3.

[16] The United Nations Global Counter Terrorism Strategy. (2006, September 8). Resolution adopted by the General Assembly A/RES/60/288.

[17] Trifunović, D. (2007). New forms of terrorism in B&H, doctoral dissertation. Belgrade: University of Belgrade.

[18] Trifunović, D. (2021). International criminal law and terrorism. 132.

[19] Warbrick, C. (2004). The European Response to Terrorism in an Age of Human Rights. European Journal of International Law, Vol. 15, No. 5 , 1001. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/15.5.989

[20] Waugh, J. W. (1983). The Values in Violence: Organizational and Political Objectives of Terrorist Groups. Journal of Conflict Studies, Vol. 3 No. 4 .

[21] Weisband, E. R. (1976). Palestinian Terrorism: Violence, Verbal Strategy and Legitimacy,. International Terrorism: National, Regional and Global Perspectives , 258.